136 TEMMINCJK'S GENERAL VIEW OF THE DUTCH 
which makes f. 18,300. They may he required 300 days in the 
year; but it may be that the mill requires repair or is stopped by 
other causes, so that we may calculate on 250 or 260 working - days 
which makes 65 days work per head, calculated at the ordinary price 
of manual labour in Java, 12 Dutch cents per day. This advantage is 
not the only one which the Javanese employed on a sugar estate en¬ 
joys. First, he is freed from the tax, and preserves the full enjoy¬ 
ment of the crop of his rice fields. If he is owner, possessing for 
instance four hakus of rice fields, he lias the power of employing at 
the establishment, one of the four workmen fgaliding himang) who 
are at his service, the three others remaining employed on the work 
of his fields, he grants to them as wages the half of the produce of 
the four balms; while the workman employed in the establishment 
receives the other half. The owner in this way saves of the land 
tax which he owes for his rice fields. 
Finally, it is proved that the new system permits the Javanese to 
execute less work while enjoying the same benefits; but from labour 
equal to that which he is obliged to expend in his rice fields, Ms pro¬ 
fit is considerably augmented. 
Some fear has been entertained that by the employment of the 
fifth part of the rice fields for the more precious cultivation, that of 
rice would suffer and that this produce would become less abundant.. 
The results prove clearly that the cultivation of this grain is not 
diminishing, that the export is still considerable, and even increases 
yearly. 
The calculation established and the balance struck of all the ex¬ 
penses, it results that the picul of sugar costs to the manufacturer 
/. 7. 50: the government pay for it f.'S. 50 or f. 9 copper. We 
have already mentioned the advances without interest made to these 
establishments, but with security for the capital, which ought to be 
returned in two or at most three years, by means of the deliveries of 
sugar. The Trading Company (Handehnaatschappij) receives this 
produce, with all the other articles of which the culture is reserved, 
in the warehouses established for this purpose in different parts of 
the Island, where they are placed under the surveillance of its 
agents, who take charge of the loading of the vessels chartered by 
the Company ; the constant and regular navigation of these vessels 
affords a sore gain to the owners. The merchandize on its arrival 
in Europe is sold by public auction in the two principal ports and 
at two fixed times in the year. 
