!TIIE BINUA OF JOHORE# 
25b 
have silver subfrigs about the size of a Company’s Rupee made by 
Malays,_and similar to those worn by Javanese females. Silver rings 
are also worn. They bind the hair in the same way as the J chore 
Binuds. 
Many of the Mintira around Gunong Bermun still wear the bark 
of the tirap, the men using the cliawat, and the women a piece of 
rude cloth, formed by simply beating the bark, which they wrap round 
their persons, and which, like the sarong of the Johore females, 
reaches only from the waist to the knees. The Udai females wear 
the cahawt like the males. 
They have no description of shoe, sandal or slipper, and no articles 
for the toilet. 
Houses, Food, Mode of Life, Habits, Character. —Tim 
houses vary greatly in size, neatness and finish, r lhey are much 
slighter and ruder than the cottages of the Malays, the greater part 
consisting of only one small room raised on thin posts made of saplings, 
with a rough flooring of small sticks placed at irregular distances and 
sometimes with such large gaps that children are liable to all through. 
The sides are made of bark,* generally enclosed all round, but some¬ 
times with only a piece of bark here and there, and I have slept 
in houses three sides of which were quite open. A rude and very 
narrow and steep ladder leads to an open doorway. The roof is co¬ 
vered with leaves, commonly those of the sirdang, which answer as 
well as the attap but last only half as long. The daun pallas and 
other leaves are also occasionally used, and I was told that the straw 
of the paddy is sometimes collected for thatch. The floor is at vari¬ 
ous heights, from five to nine feet, above the ground. In localities 
where elephants abound it is generally high. Houses of greater pre¬ 
tensions are sometimes seen. On the Pau I visited one which, under 
one roof, had a large hall jvith an elevated recess facing the door, 
where guests sat during the day and slept at night. On the sides 
were two large rooms and a long narrow apartment with two fire 
places and an array of culinary utensils. An open platform, a foot 
or two below the level of the floor, connected the hall with other two 
bed rooms under a separate roof. At Payah Sandar near the Sim- 
rong I visited another larg*e cottage which, in addition to bedrooms 
partitioned off, had several recesses with curtains of coarse cloth 
hung before them. Mats and [Mows for sleeping are found in every 
* The bark of the Iuppoug is chiefly used for this purpose both in lohore 
and by the Bermun tribes. 
