no. ififia. 
NOTES ON MALA YA N PORCUPINES—L YON. 
577 
Tabular view of the principal external and cranial characters of the genera of Old World 
porcupine* —Continued. 
Character*. 
•s' 
! 
£ 
a 
8 
% 
e 
E 
£ 
l 
5 
i 
A Tim in- or crest of long b fifties oti Tjftja* and upper 1 mrk...,... 
X 
Nape mid upper buck mainly covered with flattened, grooved spines .... 
X 
X 
Long quills (1 'jO to309 mm, 1, dark, with light ring*,on lower back ......._... 
X 
X 
hong quill* (130 mm, v, dark, with light base and apex and grooved flattened 
spines on lower back_.................... 
X 
Xo quills in pelage, nil grooved flattened spine*. a few lung stilt bristles on 
lower baric........... . .. .... 
Width of a single nnnil contained In ita length less than three times.....____ 
X 
Width of a single nasal contained in i is length about four times................ 
X 
x 
Nasals extend backward on upper surface of skull as far back as squamosal 
root* of rAgoiimta, contained In dorsal outline one and one-half times .. 
X 
Nasals mainly enn lined to rostrum, luu-k only to level of lachrymal, contained 
into dorsal outline two and one-hall! time*..,.... 
Nasals eondned to rostrum, back to anterior margin of Infraorbital fommen 
contained into dorsal out line three and oordml f t lines..... 
X 
Malar thin but relatively very brood, without groove on lateral fate. .. 
Malar thick hut relatively narrow; with well-marked groove on lateral face..,. 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Inferior bar of infraorbital foramen slender.......... 
X 
X 
X 
Inferior bar of infraorbital foramen heavy,....... 
**x" 
*■ 
On ter bn r of infraorbital fora men heavy ____ 
Outer bar of infraorbital foramen slender......... 
X 
* X 
Zygomatic process of maxilla forming only n very slight HiipjMiri for malar__ 
Zygomatic process of maxilla forming a well-marked backward support for 
malar........ 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
No interorbhnl constriction ....._..........................___ ... 
Interorbftnl constrictionsllghtlv indicated .... .. 
X 
.... 
Ev Idem, but si ight in terorbital eon strict Ion........ 
Wcl 1 -marked inlemrbital constriction...... 
A depression on top of skull at meeting of sagittal and coronal sutures at a level 
posterior to aquarnosal roots of zygomata...._______...... 
No depression bn top of skull at meeting nf sagittal and coronal sutures which 
meet mi line with squamosal mots of zygomata.... 
X 
Supero-pcwlerlor lateral aspect of maxilla angular. ......„ 
Supero posterior lateral aspect of maxilla rounded .... 
X 
X 
X 
X 
Haul k*cc I pi to-ephenoid sra reefy narrowed Trot ween pterygoid*.................. 
lbud*oceipito-sphouoid much narrowed between pterygoids,,,,,.... 
X 
X 
X 
Well-marked foam on outside of mandible just beneath condylo-coronoid notch. 
No weil-cnarked fossa on outside of mandible just beneath eondylo-coroncdd 
X 
X 
X 
Nij miser of dorsal vertebra........ 
H 
14 
14 
!ft 
Number of lumbar vertebrae.,,........ 
& 
6 
fj 
5 
Number of sacral vertebra «........ . . 
4 
4 
'i 
24 
X 
:s 
Number of caudal vertebras... ........ 
15 
V 
17 
25 
X 
Neural spine of axla large and much compressed laterally.... 
Neural spine of axis much smaller, Irf-prismntJe in form ..... 
X 
Seventh cervical with a neural spinel! to3 times the length of the spine of the 
sixth ........ 
Seventh cervical with a ucuml spine no longer than dial of sixth 
Number of sternal segments.,...... 
ft 
7 
Molars rootless, hypaidont...... 
X 
Molars rooted, brachydont.................... 
«Aptm refill v there is mime variation In the number of vertebra, especially lumber. sacral, and 
caudal. .See Cede rid om, frail. Jabrb., XI. p. 4W, 
