14 
ON THE HABITUAL USE OF OPIUJVI 
quantity of Chandu obtained from one ball, although it is sa'ul the 
present Opium Farmer is able to procure 25. 
The lieat which the men endure during the fourth operation is very 
great, and can only be tolerated when custom has enured them to it. 
One man struck me as quite a character. From 3 in the morning 
till 10 in the forenoon, he stands before the boiling chaldron with a fan 
in one hand, and a feather in the other, by which he scoops off the 
scum that forms, while with the fan he prevents the fluid from boiling 
over. He never speaks, but is always smiling, nor does he move ex¬ 
cept to quench his thirst from a bucket of water placed beside him. 
His trowsers are his only article of dress, the floor his bed, a little rice 
his food. When his labour is finished his enjoyment is to drink arrack 
until he is insensible, from which lie is wakened in the morning to 
his work. • He has but one idea, and that is the prospect of getting 
drunk on his favovrite beverage, for his work is mechanically done and 
costs him not a thought, no more than it does the dog who turns the 
spit; but lie smiles as he thinks of the revel for the night, and with 
his whole soul wrapped up in that fancied bliss, he heeds not the days 
that go by. He is a singular being, and in another country would 
be the inmate of a mad house. 
CHAPTER IV. 
MODES OF USING OPIUM, AND ITS IMMEDIATE EFFECTS. 
In different countries we have Opium used in different ways. In 
Great Britain it is either used in the solid state made into pills, or in 
tincture in the common shape of Laudanum. Insidiously it is given to 
children under a variety of quack forms, such as Godfrey’s cordial, &c. 
In India the pure opium is either dissolved in water, and so used, or 
rolled into pills. It is there a common practice to give it to chil¬ 
dren when very young by mothers who require to work, and cannot 
at the same time nurse their offspring. In China it is either smoked, 
or swallowed in the shape of Tt/c. In Bally it is first adulterated with 
China paper and then rolled up with the fibres of a particular kind 
of plantain. It is then inserted into a hole made at the end of a 
small bamboo and smoked. In Java and Sumatra it is often mixed 
