OX THE HABITUAL USE OE OPIUM 
18 
to where the Chinese artificers are clustered, then he pays a little 
less then ^2 a tael. If at a little distance If, still further from 
town $§rM. 00, then 1. 50. Nay it even descends to S' l a tael. 
The last is the price which will be paid by the Nacodah of a Chinese 
Junk, who takes a large quantity at a time, as two thirds of his crew 
are generally consumers, and the facility for illicit consumption is 
great. The proprietors of Opium Shops are expected to retail it to 
their customers at a little above the price at which they purchase 
the Chandu from the Opium Parmer. If in town they pay 110 
fanams or 8 per eent less than ^2 a tael, then they charge 12 fa- 
nams a cheen which is the one-tenth of a tael, to those who come to 
buy, or who use it in their premises. The Opium Farmer re¬ 
ceives nothing from the owner of the Opium shop, nor does he pay 
him anything for furthering the extension of the use of the drug, 
further than the discount of 8 per cent allowed only in some cases. 
Neither do the Opium smokers pay more for it than they would if 
they purchased it from the Opium Farmer. How then doss the own¬ 
er of the Opium shop live ? how does he pay his rent sometimes 10 or 
15 dollars a month ? maintain his wife and children and keep one or 
two coolies? He does all this on the refuse of the Chandu, the pre¬ 
pared extract of the Opium. This extract when consumed leaves a 
refuse consisting of charcoal, enpyreumatic oil, some of the salts of 
the Opium, and a part of the Chandu not consumed. Now one ounce 
of Chandu gives nearly half an ounce of this refuse called Tye or 
Tinco. This is smoked and swallowed by the poorer classes, who 
only pay half the price of Chandu for it. When smoked it yields a 
further refuse called Samshing, and this is even used by the still 
poorer, although it contains a very small quantity of the narcotic prin¬ 
ciple ; the last is never smoked as it cannot furnish any smoke, but is 
swallowed, and that not unfrequently mixed with arrack. We shall 
see afterwards that it is used medecinaily. 
On the Tinco, and Samshing, the owners of many Opium shops 
almost entirely depend for their livelihood. By the sale of these the 
rent is paid, the family are supported, and the servants kept. If a 
man sells 3 taels of chandu a day, he receives about H- taels of Tinco, 
