108 
SKETCH OF THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 
exact climatic observations have, at different times, been made at Pi¬ 
nang, Malacca and Singapore. By far the most complete and accu¬ 
rate of these are Captain Elliot’s at the Magnetic Observatory in 
Singapore. Unfortunately, owing to Captain Elliot’s absence, and the 
want of access to any connected record of his observations, we must 
depend, for the present, on more imperfect registers. 
Assuming the climate of Pinang to represent that of a co nsidera- 
ble portion of the northern part of the Peninsula, it appears from 
tables given in Dr. Ward’s work that the mean annual temperature, 
at an elevation of 2,410 feet is about 70-s°, the mean annual range 
lOj®, the average greatest daily range 9° and of the least daily 
range 1 On the plain 
the mean annual temperature is . 79§° 
Id. of the morning about sun rise 
Id. of daily maximum temp . 88^° 
Id. evening after sunset . 80° 
Annual range from . 70^° to 90^° 
Average monthly range .. . . .. 11° 
greatest daily range .. .... .. 13 q 
average id. . 6° 
In general neither rainy nor dry Weather is In excess, but exceptions 
occur at intervals of a few years. Dr Ward found that the average 
number of rainy days for four years was 182, the greatest number 
in one year being 209 and the least 100. Colonel Low informs us 
that rain fell almost every clay betwixt October 1789 and June 1790. 
« Betwixt May 1833 and April 1834 rain fell on 145 days on the 
Pinang plain, 166 days on the Flag Staff hill, and 228 days in Pro¬ 
vince Wellesley, and the quantity at each station was 
in. 
on Flag Staff hill 116^ 
Pinang Plain 65^ 
• Pr. Wellesley 79l . 
10 
“ The influence of both monsoons is felt at Pinang. In the early 
part of March the weather is generally clear ; towards the end, how* 
* Dr. Ward’s Contributions to the medical topography of Pinang p. 6. 
