AND GEOLOGY OF THE MALAY PENINSULA, Ilf 
tween the eastern and western coasts, and, after receiving numerous 
tributaries, enters the head of the Straits of Malacca in latitude C° N. 
nearly. The extensive level tract through which it runs so far as it 
has been examined, appears to be entirely composed of alluvium de¬ 
posited by it, and a large mud flat which fronts its mouth indicates 
the continuation of this deposit. At its mouth it is about 300 yards 
broad, and for some distance is navigable for vessels of 300 tons bur¬ 
den. The tide rises from 5 to 0 feet. 
The coast opposite Pinang affords the most positive evidence of 
the gradual encroachment of the land upon the sea. The process of 
advance may be observed in different stages. Off the mouth of the 
Juriij and between BuUt Jura and the mouth of the Junjong, the 
sand has greatly accumulated. The large flat in the middle of the 
south channel has now so spread and shoaled, that the channel be¬ 
tween it and the mainland is blocked up. The sand bank running 
south from the end of the Town has also shoaled and increased, till 
it has obliterated the passage between it and Pulo Jerajah, and de¬ 
barred all entrance into the channel between it. and the Island. The 
most interesting instance of recent accumulation, however, is afforded 
by the northern eoast of the Province from the embouchure of the 
river Muda to beyond the former Police Office at Teloh Ramis. The 
extensive mud bank stretching out in front has been raised so rapidly, 
especially to the northward, that the owners of the lands on the adjacent 
eoast have obtained valuable additions to their property, and rice crops 
of unrivalled luxuriance, and cocoanuts distinguished for their lusty and 
rapid growth, now cover tracts over which the tides rose seven years ago. 
The formation, in a former century, of a broad elevated band of sand 
along the coast of the Province, stretching,in a line deflected towards 
the west, beyond the projecting angle of the alluvial flat of Pinang, 
where the town stands, has given a similar direction to the current, 
throwing it towards the Pinang shore, and projecting the southern 
coast of the Province, where there has, consequently, been a great 
deposition of mud and growth of mangrove jungle. Older sea banks 
of sand* traverse the alluvial plains between the Muda and the Juru, 
* As we have not carefully examined those elevated bands of sand (call- 
