123 
AM) GEOLOGY OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 
From the Perak to the Saldngor, the next large river, the advance 
of the land has been great. A perfectly level country extends in¬ 
land to the foot of the mountains. At the mouth of the Salangor 
s 
there is a hill. To the south lies an extensive mangrove swamp. In 
tiie interior one of the feeders of the Salangor is said to unite with 
Sungi Ginta, which flows eastward and joins the Pahang. 
The character of the Straits now changes. Abreast of Salangor 
commences a large tract of islands, rocks and sand banks, stretching 
to the southwest in the Arroas well across the Straits. The North 
Sands, it is highly probable, and partly attested by soundings, are dis¬ 
posed upon summits of rocks. Pulo Kallam and Pulo Lumat are 
merely low mud flats covered with jungle, and separated from the 
mainland, which here entirely agrees with them in character, by nar¬ 
row channels kept open by the strong currents which set through 
them owing to the great sandy flat which stretches to the northwest 
opposing the progress of the tides. Another considerable river, the 
Kalang or Kallam, the head of which approaches within one day of 
the Pahang, aids the Salangor in producing this large mud deposit. 
Beyond Lumat point the Straits become narrow. The coast of the 
Peninsula has hitherto advanced in a nearly uniform S: S. E. direc¬ 
tion, and that of Sumatra in a S. E. by E. direction, forming two sides 
of a triangle gradually converging towards an apex at Pulo lloupat. 
From P. Lumat, however, the coast of the Peninsula is abruptly de¬ 
flected in its direction to N. W. by W.. . S. E. by E. so that its line be¬ 
comes nearly parallel to that of the Sumatra coast, which continues the 
same as before. 
When abreast of Parcelar hill the conclusion is at once forced upon 
us that it was formerly an island. The coast in front and on both 
sides, and the country for a great breadth behind it as far back as 
the mountains, are quite flat. To the north, Kallam and Lumat are seen 
as level as the sea, and scarcely rising above it, and the mainland, for 
perhaps 20 miles inland, seems to be a continuation of the same level. 
The mountains in the interior are very irregular, towards the north 
and south peaked or deeply serrated, ami about the centre, more even 
and bulky, but this must in some measure arise from the position of 
it 
