LANGUAGE OF HACKS 
191 
Supposing all those to the north of the equator to be identical, not 
less than eight of that of the oriental negro. As far, then, as phy¬ 
sical form is concerned, it is certain enough that none of these wide¬ 
ly scattered races could have sprung from one and the same stock, 
as has been imagined; yet, in most of the many tongues spoken by 
them, whether brown or negro, traces of a Malayan language are to 
be found. 
A brief examination, phonetical, grammatical, and verbal, or glos- 
sarial of some of the principal languages, will, 1 think, clearly shew 
that they are generally distinct tongues, not derived from a com¬ 
mon stock, and that the Malayan words they contain have been en¬ 
grafted on them as Teutonic words have been on the continental 
languages of Europe of Latin origin; or as French words have 
been on our own Anglo-Saxon, although, indeed, the course through 
which this has been effected has been, in general, very differ¬ 
ent. 
The languages from which, in my opinion, the words so engraft¬ 
ed have been, for the most part, derived, are those of the two most 
civilized, numerous, and adventurous nations of the archipelago, the 
Malays and Javanese. The Malayan words found in each language 
that has received them will, I think, he found not only numerous, 
but correct in sound and sense, in proportion to the facilities, geo¬ 
graphical, navigable, and lingual, possessed by the parties adopting 
them, of communication with the parent countries of the Malay and 
Javanese nations. 
The dissemination might be direct from Sumatra and Java, the 
parent countries in question, or indirectly from some nearer country; 
and it would happen through commerce, piratical expeditions end¬ 
ing in settlement and conquest, or by the fortuitous wreck of tem¬ 
pest-driven vessels, to all of which I shall, afterwards, more parti¬ 
cularly allude. 
The Malay and Javanese languages have the same number of 
vowels, diphthongs, and consonants. The vowels are six in number, 
viz., a, d, e, i, o y u ; the diphthongs two, ai and au, and the con¬ 
sonants nineteen, h, c, d. 'd, g,j> k , /, n, /?, n, p , r, t, -f } w. y, 
i> 2 
