LANGUAGES AND RACES. 
195 
fence between the phonetic character of the languages. The corrup¬ 
tion extends both to vowels and consonants. There are also cor¬ 
ruptions of sense, although not so frequent. 
Of the 140 Malayan words, 42 are exclusively Malay, 15 exclu¬ 
sively Javanese, and 73 common to these two languages, while two 
are, I think, Bugis. The number is completed by eight, suspected 
to be Sanscrit, of which six are tolerably certain. These Sanscrit words 
are popular in the languages of the Indian Archipelago, and have 
every appearance of having been received into the Malagasi through 
this channel. 
All this will, I hope, be considered a sufficient refutation of the 
hypothesis, that the language of Madagascar is of the same stock 
with the Malay. 
Passing over the languages of Sumatra, Java, Madura, Bali, and 
Borneo, which, in phonetic character and grammatical structure, 
bear much analogy to the Malay and Javanese, I shall take for my 
next example, the most cultivated, and widely-spoken of the lan¬ 
guages of Celebes, that of the Bugis, called by themselves Wugi. 
This is a written tongue, with a peculiar native character, and dif¬ 
fers essentially from the Malay and Javanese. 
I am enabled to render some satisfactory account of the Wugi, 
from possessing a vocabulary of it in the native character.* The 
vowels of the Wugi are seven in number, a, e, i, o, u, 6, il. Ac¬ 
cording to the author of the vocabulary, the 6 has the same sound 
as this letter in the German word Koningberg, and the u is the u 
of the French. The d, equivalent to our commonest sound of u, so 
frequent in the Malay and Javanese, is wanting. The dipthongs 
are the same as in Malay and Javanese, viz, ai and cm. 
The Wugi consonants are 15 in number, instead of 19, as in Ma¬ 
lay and Javanese. They are as follows : b, c, d, g, j, k, l, m, n, n, 
p, r, s y t, tv. It wants the palatial 'd and 't of the Malay and Ja¬ 
vanese, with n and y. The nasal n has no representative as a con¬ 
sonant in the alphabet; it follows a vowel only, and is marked by a 
* A Vocabulary of the English, Bugis, and Malay Languages, containing 
about 2000 words. Singapore, 1833. the Rcy. Mr. Thomsen.} 
