196 OX THE MALAYAN ANT) POLYNESIAN 
point over the preceding- letter. The sharp aspirate h is ranked 
among the consonants, and may precede or follow a vowel. The 
letter k, at the end of a word, is used as a soft aspirate ; and, with 
this exception, that of the aspirate and nasal n, every Bugis word 
must end in a vowel or diphthong. Thus the Malay word mawar , 
a rose, becomes mawar a, and rampas , to plunder, by a double eli¬ 
sion, and the substitution of a diphthong for a vowel, rapai. 
The grammar of the Wugi is extremely simple. Gender and 
number are expressed by native adjectives ; and relation of nouns by 
prepositions, differing, however, wholly from those which act the same 
part in Malay and Javanese, which is the same thing as saying of 
languages of complex structure that their declensions are wholly 
different. 
The Wugi has native pronouns of the first, second, and third per¬ 
sons; which last, it may be noticed, are wanting in the Javanese. 
It has also pronouns expressing plurality. 
Neuter verbs, adjectives, and participles, are formed from roots, 
W'hich are usually nouns, by the prefix ma, evidently a different thing, 
in sense and sound, from the transitive prefix md of the Malay. 
The word hosi means “ rain,” and mahosi , <£ to rain,” Puti is the 
noun “ white,” and maputi, the adjective “ white,” or the verb “ to 
be white.” Transtive verbs are formed by the affix i, according to 
one of several forms for such verbs in Malay, but not Javanese. 
Tims, goncin is tc a pair of scissors,” and goncini , e< to shear or clip.” 
An examination of 1777 words of the Wugi vocabulary gives the 
following results. The number of 1352 are native words; 109 
are Malay; 16 are Javanese; and 300 are common to these two 
languages. The proportion of Malayan words to native, therefore, 
is less than 24 to 76 in 100, or less than a fourth part of the whole. 
I may add, that in 1810 words, there are in the Wugi 33 words 
of Sanscrit, being the same that are popular in the Malay and Java¬ 
nese, and not improbably introduced through them. 
From this account it will be seen, that the Malayan words in the 
Bugis language form something like a similar proportion to the na¬ 
tive portion of it that the French does to the Anglo-Saxon in our 
