LANGUAGES AND RACES. 
1 99 
a dual, c< we two a plural general, “ we all and a plural par¬ 
ticular, “ we in particular.” 
The pronouns of the second and third persons hare but one plu¬ 
ral. The demonstrative and interrogative pronouns have also one 
plural only. 
Adjectives are formed from roots, as in the Wugl of Celebes, by 
the prefix ma. 
The verb, according to the Spanish author of the grammar, is of 
considerable complexity, and has several conjugations.' Its moods 
and passive forms are formed by auxiliaries, but its tenses by inse¬ 
parable prefixes. One portion only of the Pampanga verbs resem¬ 
bles the Malay and Javanese, or, at least, or.e form of these. This 
is the verbal noun which is formed by the affix an, added to the 
root. 
In order to find the proportion of Malayan words in the Philip¬ 
pine languages, I have carefully gone over two dictionaries of the 
most prevalent of them, the Tagala and Bisaya of Lugon,* the last 
of which has spread to Majindanau and the Sulu group. 
The Tagala dictionary contains above 12,000 words, but, exclu¬ 
ding compounds, about 7700. Of these 77 are Malay, 20 are Ja¬ 
vanese, and 156 are common to these two languages. Tins makes 
the whole number of Malayan words 253, which gives the propor¬ 
tion of about 32 in 1000. The Tagala Dictionary contains also 24 
words of Sanskrit, which, I have no doubt, found their way into the 
language through the Malayan tongue, for they are all found, and 
with the same meaning, in Malay and Javanese. 
The Bisaya Dictionary contains 9000 words, of which 72 are 
Malay, 17 Javanese, and 197 are common to those languages, mak¬ 
ing, in all, 286 Malayan words, or about 30 in 1000—a proportion 
not very different from that of the Tagala. The Bisaya contains 
also Sanscrit words, but I can find only 13. 
The Malayan and Javanese words introduced into the two Phi- 
* Yocabulario de la Iengua Tagala eompuesta por N. H. Fray Domingo 
delosSantos. Fob Tagaleas, 1703. Yocabulario de la Iengua Bisaya 
por cl R. L. Matheo Sanches. Fob Manila, 1711. 
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