LANGUAGES AND RACES. 
2o;j 
of the first, and not of the second and third persons that have num¬ 
bers. 
The Polynesian verb differs entirely from the Blalay and Java¬ 
nese. The simplest form of it is the neuter or active verb, which 
may be considered the root. This is made causal by the prefix wa- 
ka, and passive by the affix a. The moods are formed by particles ; 
and the tenses, of which there are six, by the help of prefixes, affix¬ 
es, or adverbs, A verbal noun is formed by adding’ to the root the 
inseparable particle na, under certain rules of euphony. 
The New Zealand Dictionary contains about 6000 words ; but 
omitting derivatives, "about 5500. I have carefully gone over it, and 
can discover in it only 107 words belonging to the Malayan lan¬ 
guages. Of these 24 are Malay, 16 Javanese, 59 common to these 
two languages, and 8 belonging to the Bugis or Wugi of Celebes. 
The proportion, then, of Malayan words in the Polynesian, tojudge 
by the dialect of New Zealand, is less than 20 in 1000. 
There are two words in the New Zealand which may possibly be 
Sanscrit. Apiti , “ to join,” may be the word apit of the Malay and 
Javanese, taken from the Sanscrit, and meaning, “ close, pressed 
together and tapa, the well-known tabu , may be the tapa, or re¬ 
ligious penance of the Hindoos, found in almost every language of 
the Indian Archipelago. The addition of the vowel, in the case of 
apit, has already been explained ; and of the permutation of the fi¬ 
nal a into other vowels, we have in the Polynesian, several exam¬ 
ples, as Jcapu, “ an axe,” for Icapak ; lami, “ to bury,” for tanam; 
ono , “ six,” for anam ; and rami, “ to squeeze,” for ramus. 
From the wide discrepancy which exists between the phonetic 
system of the Polynesian and Malayan languages, the words of the 
latter introduced into the former, are of course, greatly corrupted 
in form. The Malay and Javanese word api, “ fire,” becomes, for 
example, ahi; Buah, “fruit,” becomes hua ; minimi, “to drink,” 
inu ; salah, “ a crime,” ham ; papan , “ a boar,” papa ; tahun, “ a 
year,” tail ; and dami, “ a leaf,” rau. 
Corruptions in sense are also frequent. Mata, “ the eye, ” in 
Malay and Javanese, means “ the face” in the New Zealand. In 
