442 
TUB GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP OF BORNEO. 
1808 ; Kasim succeeded him; he received indiscriminately all the 
Chinese who presented themselves, and their numbers became so 
great that he could no longer compel them to respect him. They 
became formidable to other princes also, who, on the restoration of the 
colonies to the Netherlands government in 1816, sent deputations to 
Batavia soliciting the establishment of old relations, as well as of civil 
functionaries and some troops to administer affairs and maintain or¬ 
der and quiet. 
The expense of maintaining the establishments on the west coast 
was so great that in 1791 the agents at Succadana, Mampauwa, 
Pontianak and Lundak were recalled, 
i 
After the capture of Java the intermediate Anglo-Indian Govern¬ 
ment did not occupy itself with the interests of the princes any more 
than with those of the people. It appears that, fur all manifestation 
of authority on this west coast, Governor Raffles contented himself 
with sending in 1813 some English agents to Pontianak who remain¬ 
ed there many months, probably in order to watch the conduct of 
the Sultan, during the time when an armed expedition was sent to 
Sambas to avenge some piracies. 
These countries consequently remained abandoned to the chiefs 
and subject to all the disorders inherent in power arbitrarily exer¬ 
cised by Malay princes. The incessant hostilities between Sambas 
and Pontianak, the continued state of trouble and agitation, but, 
above all, the turbulent conduct of the Chinese population, threatened 
these states with anarchy. The Chinese had been suffered to in¬ 
crease so greatly that the princes were now unable to offer any re¬ 
sistance to them. They therefore hailed with satisfaction the arri¬ 
val in 1818 of the armed expedition sent to take possession of the 
old rights of the Netherlands upon these countries. 
New contracts made with Sambas, Mampauwa, Ponti&n&k and 
many other princes of limitropical states served to secure to us the 
exercise of the rights of sovereignty on this part of Borneo ; at the 
same time by this act Government saw itself placed in a very diffi¬ 
cult position towards the immense Chinese population, little disposed 
to range themselves under its laws. In spite of the opposition from 
