45*2 
ON THE MEDICAL TOPOGRAPHY OF SINGAPORE. 
the sooner does he feel the land breeze set in, and the nearer the 
jungle, and the less cultivation around the cooler is the land breeze. 
The approach of this land breeze is hailed with much pleasure by 
all in Singapore, but by none more than our delicate females, whose 
relaxed frames after a few years residence are obnoxious to the 
slightest changes. The land breeze sets in earlier in the N.E. mon¬ 
soon than in the S. W. while the sea breeze in the S. W. monsoon 
continues longer. According to the natives, we have an Angin-Jd- 
ii'd, or South wind, blowing from the direction of Java, which accor¬ 
ding to them is a most unhealthy wind. This idea is also maintain¬ 
ed by nearly all the resident Europeans, and the longer the term 
of that residence has been the more fixed is that idea, from the ef¬ 
fects being more severely felt. This wind is supposed to blow par¬ 
ticularly in the S.W. monsoon ; but especially in the month of Sep¬ 
tember : it is felt principally in the town of Singapore and extends 
as far as a mile inland. In my opinion there is no such wind pecu¬ 
liar to Singapore, but the hot and clammy perspirations, with the 
want of sleep with the weak and sickly ; and the langour and lassi¬ 
tude of the more healthy on rising in the morning, which forces out 
of them the remark “ I declare I feel more tired and unrefreshed 
than when I went to bed,” all these symptoms are merely the effects 
of a hot night, from the want of the land breeze, and not dependant 
on any particular wind or vein of air, or on any particular direction 
that the sea breeze blows from : in fact it is nothing but the want of 
the land breeze, and the substitution of the sea breeze, and if that 
land breeze did not blow there would be a continual hot atmosphere, 
and unrefreshing nights. As I have before mentioned, the land breeze 
blows more steadily and longer during the N. E. monsoon, for this 
reason no Jawa wind is said to exist in this monsoon ; but let the wind 
chop round to the south as it did in the end of February and begin¬ 
ning of March 1848, and we have the same sensations as during the 
full reign of the Angin Jdwu or South wind, although it is not recog¬ 
nized as such from being out of season. This hot sea breeze is, as we 
are advancing into the interior and cutting down the jungle, advancing 
also, for those living in localities that were wont to be exempt from it 
