558 
A TRIP TO PROHOLINGGO. 
Madurese, who work their lands either for a share in the produce 
or a small assignment on their own account, as well as perform all 
the drudge work imposed upon the population by the government. 
The obligations, however, rest upon these Kapalas, and they must 
either send out their dependants or do the required services them¬ 
selves. The Madurese occupy the low, flat, fertile plains, are dis¬ 
tinguished hy their own peculiar language, and managed by their 
own village chiefs, hut the Demangs and other higher native autho¬ 
rities are Javanese, appointed by the government. The peculiar 
upland and badly irrigated soil of Madura causes the population 
there to make extensive plantations of Jagong or Indian corn. On 
removing to Java, the taste for this corn does not leave them, and it 
is everywhere seen planted, in the latter months of the year, as a 
second crop after the paddy. These Madurese are reported to be 
of more independent spirit and bearing, than the servile Javanese, 
who have been ground down by centuries of despotic sway. They 
are said'to submit less willingly to services and work imposed upon 
them, hut once at it, they are more active and handier than the 
Javanese. 
Amongst the range of hills, at the foot of the Iyang, is found a 
scanty population of Javanese, who however live in great misery, 
gaining a precarious subsistence frum their scraggy Gagas or clear¬ 
ings made yearly in the jungle. The south western side of the plain 
of Probolinggo is bounded by the Tengger mountains, where, as is 
well know'll, there exists a peculiar people who still cling to a form 
of worship, supposed to have had its origin from Hinduism, but 
which is now so far degenerated, that the similarity can scarcely be 
traced. 
As in many other of the eastern provinces of Java, the Hindus, 
©r their converts, have not failed to leave in Probolinggo, a monu¬ 
ment of their skill and religious zeal. In this district, however, the 
antiquities are confined to the neighbourhood of Jabon. Here is 
found the Cliungkup Jabon nearly opposite to the sugar mill of that 
name, about 204} pauls from Samarang and thus 19 pauls west 
from Bezoekie and 21 east of Probolinggo. As Jabon is only a 
little more than three pauls west from Pahiton, and along the 
main post road, Mr. Barneveld had the kindness to drive me there 
on the afternoon of the 26th November. The building is situated a 
few yards to the south of the high road, and cannot be more than 
20 feet above the sea, from which it is less than a paid distant. 
