5iM> ON CORAL REEFS AS A CAUSE OF THE FEVER 
This is situated at the base of a valley now drained, but which for- 
meily, as I have in the first part of this paper adverted to, was an 
extensive fresh water marsh, from which most noxious malaria ema¬ 
nated. The village of Sigl&p suffered in common with other loca¬ 
lities, the natives being frequently attacked with intermittent fe¬ 
ver and even with remittent. The first form of fever may be said 
to have been endemic to the village. At ebb tide the beach is ex¬ 
posed for about ^ of a mile, when it is seen to be composed of sand 
and mud, but no coral. Here we have the same diseases produced 
from another cause to what we have found on the islands, for when 
that cause was renewed by the draining of the marsh the effect dis¬ 
appeared, aud the village is now without a shadow of disease of an 
endemic nature. Further still to the eastward are the villages of 
Tanna Mira Klein and B£sar, Bidu, all of which had intermit¬ 
tent fever frequently attacking the inhabitants, and sometimes, 
though seldom, they were subject to attacks of remittent fever. 
Both of these fevers have now almost entirely disappeared, since the 
district of Bidu and Tanna M^ra have been drained. To the west 
of Singapore and about 1^ miles distant, is a village called Tanjong 
Pagar, consisting of a row of houses stretching the length of a 
mile, built in single file on the beach, to the west of a promontory 
of that name. When I examined this village I found that at the 
extremity, towards Pulo Br&ni, in one house a female had died of 
remittent fever. 12 months previous many Chinese were attacked 
and died, during the S.W. monsoon. At the same time many Ma¬ 
lays were attacked with intermittent fever, and in some cases that 
ended in remittent, according to their assertion. During my visit 
I saw one Chinaman in the last stage of remittent fever, from which 
it was impossible he could recover. On examining the beach close 
to the bouse we have sand and mud, and at spring tides a little coral 
is exposed, but there is a reef of coral, near half a mile in length, 
stretching from the west point of the village nearly S.W., and which 
approximates close to one extremity of the village and to that ex¬ 
tremity of the village where I found remittent fever to be prevalent, 
while the other and distant extremity from the coral reef is free 
from it, according to the testimony of the villagers ; the N.E. mon¬ 
soon, which blows over the island of Singapore, is their healthy 
monsoon, but the S.W. monsoon is quite the contrary, and which, 
on the theory of exposed coral reefs being the cause, is easily ex¬ 
plained by the fact of the angin slatan or south wind sweeping over 
