620 JOURNAL OP A VOYAGE TO THE EASTERN COAST 
remarkable increase in the size of the water worn pebbles.* The coast 
of the mainland from Tanjong Pingrang to Tanjorg Penyusoh is the 
extremity of a hilly peninsula about 40 miles longf and 15 miles broad, 
which stretches S.S.E. from the last mountain group of the Peninsula,J 
having the China sea on the one side and the generally broad but 
often contracted valley of the Joliore river and estuary on the other. 
The basin of the Sidili river may be considered as marking its ori¬ 
ginal boundary to the north. This peninsula consists of low connect¬ 
ed ranges which often stretch parallel to each other for some length, 
until the outer ones subside below the level of the sea or marshes, 
when small bays and inlets are formed, into which the streams and 
creeks of the little valltes and hollows flow. Some of the rivers or 
creeks thus produced are of considerable size,§ and have a peculiar¬ 
ly wild and sequestered character, being generally destitute of all hu¬ 
man inhabitants, save, at times, a few Tambus in their boats in those 
opening into the China sea, and a few of the Orang Sletar in those 
that feed the Joliore river. With the exception of a straggling line 
of narrow and mostly neglected clearings, the Bugis town of Joliore 
Lama, and a few small villages, on the bank of that river, the whole 
peninsula is covered with a thick jungle. 
At 2 o’clock we passed Pulo Peuyuso, which is rocky, exposing a 
brownish face shelving into the sea and intersected by divisional 
planes,—having thus a close resemblance to the eastern face of Pu- 
* 1 have described the rocks of this Point in a paper on the geology of 
the valley of the Johore river, including the estuary and its islands. 
-j- The Johore valley however extends much farther inland, but deviating 
to the westward. 
+ That of Gunong Panti, consisting of Gunong Gaong, G. P>inti, G. Pi- 
Jippii, B. KoayA, and B. Besis6. This chain is visible at the eastward of 
Singapore from Pulo Tukong, and as we proceed up the noble estuary of 
the Johore river it is seen rising over its upper extremity, stretching ath¬ 
wart the valley for about seven miles, and thus concealing the higher and 
more central range of Blumut, Pinyabong, Bulan <fcc, A good view ofit 
may be obtained from the more elevated hills of Singapore, such as Bukit 
Timah and mount Faber, w hen the state of the atmosphere allows it to be 
seen, 
$ I went up the largest of these, Sungie Lihbam, for 4$ hours on the 22d 
of last month (August) and found it to be, as lar as 1 proceeded, a branch 
of the sea more than a river. It receives several streams principally from 
the northward, such as the S. LAyu extending to behind Johore Lama, S. 
Saminchu, and a large branch or creek, S. PapAn. It then proceeds E. and 
N.E. The larger of the streams that fall into its upper part are the Chiina- 
l’ing, Chimugu and Libharn, which last gives its name to the estuary. 
The south western part of the peninsula must have presented a very irregu¬ 
lar outline before the mangrove forests were formed. Considerable creeks 
penetrate it on both sides of Gunong Bau. 
