414 MIKERAZiODICAIi DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLAND OF BANKA. 
with a small portion of c!av and some sand. . 3 „ 
at the bottom of this stratum the particles of 
Tin-ore become perceptible. 
4. Coarse fragments of quartz and felspar with small particles 
of schorl, this contained the ore of tin : at the termination the work¬ 
men produced to me the white friable substance above mentioned, 
called Kongtay by the Chinese. 
At another side of the mine ; 
3. Soil. 
2. Coarse sand, composed of particles of quartz bedded alter¬ 
nately in red and in yellow clay : with masses or -coagula of black 
clay, protruded irregularly into the stratum. 
3. Fragments of quartz and felspar, occasionally with adven¬ 
titious masses of clay : upon this followed the stratum of ore, as in 
the last stratum, above mentioned. 
The stones which I collected at the aqueduct of this mine were 
not much diversified-—as the working of the mine had very lately' 
commenced, they were inconsiderable in quantity and consisted chief¬ 
ly of fragments of felspar and quartz of various sizes and figures; no 
amygdaloids occurred here, nor did I remark any vestige of Red-Iron¬ 
stone in the neighbourhood. 
Having extended my mineralogical remarks to the northern coast 
of this peninsula, I determined, after my return to the stockade of 
Klabbet, to inspect the south-western extremity of the district; of the 
mines, in the direction of Sungie-bulu, which settlement I had not 
yet visited. At the Lower-furnace the road separates from the' 
common route to Jehus and takes a more westerly direction. Here 
very extensive surfaces are exposed from which the ore has been suc¬ 
cessively extracted, chiefly by the process of small mining . The 
road passes through or near most of the small mines above enumer¬ 
ated. In one of the mines, near the boundary of this district, I no¬ 
ticed the following strata, which have been exposed on the side of a 
hill by the usual mode of working these mines. 
1. Soil,... 1]-feet. 
2. A deep layer of sand of a yellow colour, owing to 
