A TRIP TO PROROMKGGO. 
m 
in all directions from a common centre, from which they originally 
accumulated, during 1 ages, the materials of which they consist. No, 
M. Z. would have us believe that the great mass of the Tengger moun¬ 
tains, spring up once feensj like a mushroom, and that the great 
accumulation of volcanic debris in and upon the Tengger, has been 
thrown out of the comparatively puny foci now found in the Dassar. 
Were such the case how comes the Dassar to exist at all ? The 
nearer a volcanic aperture, the greater the accumulation of matter, 
witness all volcanic cones and especially the neighbouring Semeru, 
How came the Bromo, Batok, Widadaren or Segara Wedi, to throw 
out their materials round a radius of a few miles before these were 
able to drop ? How can they, situated in a vast gulf, have been in 
a state of great activity, and not have, in the first place, clogged up 
that gulf around themselves ? Granted for a moment that they 
had that wonderful power, how came it that the great gap of Cha- 
mara Lawang was not filled up like the rest of the circle wall, but 
left 200 or 300 feet lower, with well defined and abrupt sides? and 
yet almost the same height above the floor of the Dassar. Odd it 
would be, that from this very gap leads downwards the gorge of 
Jurung Penganten, which has so clearly poured out so much mat¬ 
ter on the lowlands. Odd that this same Jurung Penganten, if a 
radiating crack of an elevation crater, should not have cracked down 
to the level of the plain, but instead of narrowing downwards have 
terminated in a broad portal at 3000 feet above it. And yet no 
other main cracks are visible on this side of the mountains to satisfy 
the theory of Yon Buch, by which such tremendous masses are 
imagined to be disrupted and suddenly thrust upwards. The nu¬ 
merous other ravines which furrow the face of the Tengger are wa¬ 
ter worn and the result of time. 
Is it the love of, or loyal attachment to a fanciful theory, that 
has induced M. Z. to say—“ Thus all the volcanic debris in and up¬ 
on the Tengger mountains, and around the same are not produced 
from a former, imaginary large crater, which has fallen in, but most 
assuredly from the eruption-craters in the great vortex ? IJiw 
der his latter supposition he grant the cause, the power and the ef¬ 
fect which a contrary opinion requires, whilst he calls upon us to 
explain the modus operandi in an unnatural, nay, even impossible 
manner. I have spoken of the later foci in the Dassar as being com¬ 
paratively puny, by which I mean that they have never been able to 
throw out any considerable mass of matter, beyond the wall which en- 
