8 A TRIP TO PROBOIiINGGO, 
circles them, and which is also higher than they are ; light ashes and 
dust have however been frequently drifted away by the prevailing 
winds. The Bromo and its coadjutors stand in the same relation to 
the Dassar, as Vesuvius to Monte Somma, only the former have ne- 
ver been able to fill up and encumber their situs, to the extent which 
Vesuvius has done its own, and the reason of this is, in all probabi¬ 
lity, to be found in the fires having found vent through other aper¬ 
tures, more especially the Semeru and Lamongan. The Lamongan 
and Bromo have indubitably some internal connection. In 1824, 
the Resident Langewagen wrote “ as soon as you saw heavy smoke 
ascend from the Bromo, the Lamongan ceased to burn.”—(Java 
Courant, 20th. October, 1827.) In 1829, the Bromo was in a 
state of activity, but quietly died away till in 1835 its crater was all 
at once found to be occupied by a pool of water. The Lamongan 
now came into a state of activity and remained so till the beginning 
of 1841, when its crater top suddenly tumbled in, and stopped the 
vent so effectually that for many weeks, not the least smoke was 
seen to rise from it. Things remained in this state of quiescence 
for some time, but on the 24th September a pretty smart earth¬ 
quake. a phenomenon here rather unusual, reminded the inhabitants 
of Latnajang that the internal fires were still at work. This slum-, 
her was broken on the 25th January 1842, by the Bromo again com¬ 
ing into activity. The pool of water was gone, and an eruption of 
stones and ashes took place, attended by internal grumblings which 
were heard to a distance of 40 or 50 pauls. The eruption continu¬ 
ed with violence for upwards of two months, and at night presented 
a glowing burning column playing from the top of the crater. Three 
or four eruptions took place in a minute, so that the stones falling 
backwards were again blown out. “The greater part however” says 
M. Ilerwerden, who was an eye witness, “ tumbled back into the 
crater, only a few rolled clown the outside of the lull, when they re¬ 
mained visible, for some minutes as glowing paints.” So much for the 
strength of an eruption, after 12 years’ quiescence of the Bromo it¬ 
self, and after its safety valve the Lamongan had ceased to act for 
nearly a year. Since 1842, the Bromo has been pretty quiet, a dense, 
grey cloud of smoke constantly rising from the bottom of the crater. 
The Lamongan again smokes, but only faintly, as I saw when at 
Pahiton ; the Semeru at intervals sends faith its accustomed quota 
of clouds and ashes. As long as these two vents continue to ope¬ 
rate, the Bromo will be unable to accumulate energy sufficient to fill 
