684 NOTICES OF THE NORTHERN OR DUTCH HALF OF CELEBES. 
chanting' war-songs, leaping continually in circles round eacli other, 
in order to get the glare of the sun or the breeze against the adver¬ 
sary ; for it is then that, the adversary being blinded by the light 
or the dust raised purposely with the foot, an attempt must be 
made to attach him unawares from a side where he does not think 
his antagonist is. Extraordinary celerity in thrusting and parrying is 
generally displayed, and frequently the combatants get so excited 
and furious, that it is with the greatest trouble they are separated 
in order to prevent a deadly issue. 
3rd. Rangko , single combat; both combatants are provided 
with a shield, long and narrow in the middle, but becoming broader 
towards both extremities, and with a klewang. This combat seems 
to be more national and original than the other. Generally both 
the champions are dressed in red jackets, similar to those of the 
Spanish soldiers. The head is decked out with a black turban, with 
gold tinsel and some long feathers. They squat down, sitting on 
their heels and covering their whole length with the shield. In this 
position they approach each other, occasionally taking a long leap, 
either to attack or to retreat, and then again cowering and creeping. 
Their knowledge of fencing is admirable, striking and warding with 
lightning quickness. 
In such festivals there are not seldom seen currasses, partisans, 
foils, helmets etc., which are said to have belonged to a primeval 
generation of the island, who made distant excursions and conquests 
by sea in large fleets. Private entertainments and festivals are made 
pompous by the display of great numbers of slaves. Many other 
customs are just like those of the other islands with Mahommedan 
population. 
Industry ,—The extent, fertility and riches of this country would 
warrant us in attributing wealth to all the inhabitants, and yet they 
are miserably poor. Industry and art are still in their first stag'e of 
childhood. Are there some more industrious, they are sure of becom¬ 
ing a prey to the avarice of the princes. Frequently therefore whole 
families seek refuge in remote parts of the woods and mountains, in 
order to live in an independent patriarchal manner. An increase or 
an improvement of their industry is tlins not likely to take place. 
Breeding of cattle would easily succeed, but only horses and 
karbaus (buffalos) are attended to; both are in great plenty, and 
the. former are an important article of export. Not so much their 
beauty, as their fleetness and strength is made the point of consi- 
