MINERALOGICATj DESCRIPTION OF THE ISJEAND OF BANKA. 715 
and I refer for the the detailsto the description catalogue. Large 
masses of red, yellow and whitish clay were accumulated in various 
places. 
Above this plain, exhausted by the successive works of the min¬ 
ers, the ore had been disposed in a stratum, consisting of the vari_ 
ons kinds just described (but smaller in size) and of fragments of 
quartz which were loose and friable. The particles were uncom¬ 
monly large, mostly crystallized, many of them had a diameter ex¬ 
ceeding one fourth of an inch. In many of the specimens I collect¬ 
ed, small particles of ore are adhering to the misses of Red-Iron¬ 
stone, it is also found bedded in a substance consisting of decomposed 
portions of primitive rocks mixed with decomposed Red-Iron-stone. 
Next to this, proceeding upwards, is a layer of yellow sand 4 or 5 
feet deep, containing small particles of ore so thinly distributed that 
they cannot he perceived by the bare eye: they appear on washing 
the ore, after this follows a layer of soil of about 12 inches depth. 
In order to examine the stratum following the extensive plain 
above mentioned, I entered one of the latest canals: the sides were 
completely covered by the ochreous crust from the decomposed sur¬ 
face of its component parts : after removing this, the fragments could 
be separately taken out or broken off from the larger masses. They 
consisted uniformly of the Red-Iron-stone just described, the small¬ 
er portions were tabular, of various sizes, corroded on the surface, va¬ 
riously excavated, perforated, covered with an ochreous crust, and 
rounded at the angles. Every thing at this mine shewed plainly the 
operation of the general agent on the substances and in their arrange¬ 
ment, but the reflections suggested by it will be detailed in the 
summary of remarks of a general nature, after the description of 
the other districts. 
On the roads towards Pangkal-Bulu, the hill called Gunong Kap- 
pu is kept in view almost directly in the south ; one traverses the 
remains of several mines on which the fragments are of a mixed na¬ 
ture, with masses of clay and sand ; after which I noticed in various 
places loose fragments of Red-Iron-stone. 
I have not been enabled to determine the substances composing 
the hill just mentioned and the hill Sdmbunggiri , but, to judge 
from their appearance at a distance, the higher parts of both consist 
of granite. Near the foot of the hill Kappu Red-Iron-stone is found : 
several fragments were brought me by the natives and described as 
the stone from which Iron was formerly prepared at Paku. 
