PUENTE HILLS : OLINDA FIELD. 
131 
through to this point, the Fernando, however, no longer bending over 
the crown of the arch. 
The direction which the eastward extension of the Olinda field may 
take is somewhat problematic. The development in Columbia ground 
(lease No. 1) follows the northern fracture, or at least the line of exces¬ 
sive disturbance passing up Soquel Canyon to the entrance of Car- 
bonne Canyon; the surface conditions prevailing in the western half 
of the productive territory, however, continue across to Telegraph 
Canyon, except that the Fernando conglomerate is in contact with 
lower members of the Puente than to the west. Apparently the beds 
are somewhat transitional in their nature, gray micaceous sandstone 
and shale lying beneath the Puente sandstone, the precise horizon 
varying from point to point. The structure of the lower beds is very 
complicated. In the northern face of the ridge between Telegraph 
and Soquel canyons the rather heavy gray and yellow gritty sand¬ 
stone dips to the north, while the associated brown argillaceous shale, 
only 150 feet distant, has a southward inclination. The strike of both 
is N. 65° E. In the southern face of the ridge the principal dip of the 
older rocks is 45°-80° N., although half a mile up Telegraph Canyon 
the beds of the same character begin to show a southerly dip, which 
is maintained well into the hills to the south. The conglomerate south 
of these beds strikes N. 65° W., nearly parallel with the axis of the 
anticline referred to above; it dips 80°-45° S., according to the dis¬ 
tance from the fault line. It rests upon older beds that dip in some 
places to the north, in others to the south, the northward-dipping 
rocks lying near the mouth of Telegraph Canyon. The similarity of 
the conditions in Telegraph Canyon and in the western half of the 
Olinda field is thus obvious, and while there are slight differences it 
would, nevertheless, seem reasonable, from surface conditions, to 
expect equal chances for obtaining petroleum along the line of the 
fault or unconformity in the two localities. However, wells at some 
distance from this line, in the Fernando beds on the ridge south of the 
interior valley, have not yet proved successful. 
In the discussion of the relations of Fernando to Puente in the region 
of Telegraph Canyon the question of faulting or unconformity arises 
with the same force as elsewhere. The conditions are explicable on 
the basis of an unconformity, the upheaval and erosion of the older 
rocks prior to the deposition of the Fernando being presupposed; they 
may also be explained by faulting, or they may be due to the two 
causes combined. 
OIL WELLS. 
The oil wells of the Olinda field number over 100, and except a few, 
chiefly along the .outer ridge, all have been of wonderful productive¬ 
ness, yields of 700 to 1,000 barrels of oil per day having been reached. 
The maximum depth attained is 3,000 feet. The wells are ranged 
