152 
OIL DISTRICTS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 
lower Pliocene marine molluscan fauna. The thickness of the upper 
part of the formation is somewhat problematical, although the evi¬ 
dence at hand shows that it is 1,000 feet or more, making the total 
thickness of the Fernando over 2,000 feet. 
The areal distribution of the formation is most interesting when 
considered in its relation to the Puente. In the region of the oil belt 
the Fernando rests upon the uppermost Puente white shale in a great 
southward-dipping monocline. East of the oil belt and Los Angeles 
River this simple relation seems to be changed. Here, in the meager 
exposures afforded by rare gaps in the Pleistocene and alluvium 
deposits, occur what appear to be the lower, thin-bedded sandstone 
and sandy shale of the Fernando in contact with the Puente sand¬ 
stone, the white shale apparently being absent through the agency 
either of an unconformity or of a fault, or of both combined. The 
Fernando also extends southeastward to San Gabriel River, compris¬ 
ing the bulk of the sediments of the Raphetto hills, the west end of 
which is shown on the map. (PI. XVIII.) 
FOSSILS. 
The following fossils were obtained by Homer Hamlin from the 
Third street tunnel in Los Angeles and indicate the lower Pliocene age 
of at least this part (upper sandstone, sandy shale, and conglomerate) 
of the Fernando formation: 
Lower Pliocene fossils from the Fernando beds in the Third street tunnel, Los Angeles. 
Area multicostata Sowerby (PI. XXXVIII, fig. 1). 
Astarte sp. 
Lima hamlini Dali. 
Macoma sp. indiv. 
Ostrea veatchii Gabb (PL XXXIX, fig. 1). 
Pecten aslileyi Arnold (Pl. XXXIV, fig. 2). 
Pecten latiauritus Conrad (Pl. XXXVI, figs. 2, 3). 
Pecten opuntia Dali (Pl. XXXVI, fig. 8). 
Pecten pedroanus Trask (Pl. XXXVI, figs. 5, 6). 
Pecten stearnsii Dali (Pl. XXXV, fig. 2). 
Buccinum sp. indet. 
Fissuridea murina Carpenter (Pl. XL, figs. 3, 3a). 
Nassa hamlini Arnold (Pl. XL, fig. 9). 
Neverita recluziana Petit (Pl. XXXVIII, fig. 6). 
Plenrotoma sp. indet. 
Priene oregonensis Redfield var.? angelensis Arnold (Pl. XL, fig. 11). 
The following is a list of fossils collected by W. L. Watts in the 
vicinity of Los Angeles and largely identified by J. G. Cooper : a 
° Bull. California State Mining Bureau, No. 11, 1897, pp. 79-81. 
