GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE OTLS. 
205 
PRODUCTS OF REFINERIES. 
Sixteen refineries use the oil from the three districts under discus¬ 
sion, and as the natural product varies in gravity from 10° to 35° or 
40°, the resultant distillates are varied. The higher-grade oil pro¬ 
duces gasoline, benzine, kerosene (“water white”), No. 1 and No. 2 
distillates, stove distillate, and a residuum of fuel and road oil. 
The heavier oils, those under 21° or 22°, yield No. 1 and No. 2 distil¬ 
lates, stove distillate, lubricating, fuel, and road oils, with a residuum 
of asphalt. 
The No. 1 and No. 2 distillates are used mostly in gas engines in 
many places for irrigation plants. No. 1 is suitable for engines under 
15 horsepower; No. 2 is best suited to the larger engines. The stove 
distillate is used in hotels, bakeries, and similar places where the fluid 
is consumed without steam pressure, while the regular fuel oils are 
usually forced into the fire boxes by means of special pressure burners.® 
The following is a list of the principal refinery products, together 
with the range in gravity of each: 
Refined products of California petroleum, b 
Gasoline. 
Benzine. 
Engine distillate 
Kerosene. 
Stove oil. 
Gas oil. 
ANALYSES. 
° B. 
68 
62 
56-40 
44-40 
35-32 
30-28 
° B. 
Fuel distillate. 28-24 
Neutral oils. 24-22 
Light lubricants. 24-20 
Engine oils. 20-18 
Cylinder oils. 18-15 
Crude lubricants, car oil, etc. 17-15 
The following tables give, in a condensed form, the results of a large 
number of analyses and tests of oils from all the principal fields in the 
Santa Clara Valley, Los Angeles, and Puente Hills districts. The 
compiler wishes to reiterate the acknowledgment of his indebtedness 
to the California State Mining Bureau for the very free use he has 
made of its publications. The text of Bulletin No. 31 c of that bureau, 
is here copied in its entirety to explain Table 1 which is a part of that 
bulletin. 
If a sample of ore containing gold and silver is sent to an assayer lie will doubtless 
report practically the same results as would another assayer who had used an entirely 
different method of assaying. The same is true of two chemists determining the quan¬ 
tity of sulphur in pyrites, etc. But in organic analysis two different methods may 
vary as much as 10 per cent, from which it is obvious that data on oil given without 
the methods by which or the apparatus in which they have been obtained are almost 
useless and can not be duplicated or proved correct by another chemist. For this 
a See Prutzman, Paul W., Bull. California State Mining Bureau No. 32, 1904, pp. 58 et seq. 
b Prutzman, Paul W., Bull. California State Mining Bureau No. 32, 1904, p. 187. 
cBy II. N. Cooper, 1904. 
