m 
PIIINCXPIA 
. 3d. Proli per, (prolific) when one flower grows put of 
another; this generally happens in full flowers, from their 
greater luxuriancy; in simple flowers, it rises from the centre, 
and proceeds from the pistillum shooting up into another 
flower, standing on a single footstalk. In aggregate flowers 
(properly so called) many foot-stalked flowers are produced 
out of one common calyx. In umbellate flowers, a second 
umbel proceeds from the centre of the first umbel, producing 
little umbels; which by a greater exertion of luxuriancy may 
produce others with little umbels, and thus may proceed seve¬ 
ral heads of flowers, each growing out of that immediately 
below it, furnished with little umbels variously compounded. 
A prolific flower is also called leafy, (frondosus) when it 
produceth branches with flowers and leaves, which, though 
rare, sometimes happens in rosa, anemone , monarda, and 
others.* 
Flos mutilatus, (a mutilated or maimed flower) is such 
a flower as occasionally is deprived of all, or the greatest part 
of the petals, yet bears seeds, as in some species oi tussilago, 
campanula , &c. This term is opposed to luxuriance, and is 
supposed by Linnaeus to be caused by a defect of heat, though 
it may also happen by other causes. 
Under this head of floWers, may also be mentioned the dif¬ 
ferent sexes. 
Flowers, in respect to sex, are distinguished into rhah f 
female, monoclinian, and neuter. Male flowers are such as 
have only the stamina or males, as in the classes monoeciaj 
dioecia, and polygamia. Female flowers are such as have only 
the pistilla or females, as in the same classes monoecia, dioe¬ 
cia, and polygamia. Monoclinian flowers are such as have 
both the stamina and pistilla in the same bed or flower, as in 
all the other classes : monoclinians are also distinguished into 
* As in luxuriant flowers many parts of the natural character are deficient i* 
the whole or in part, they can only be distinguished by the general habit, and by 
such parts as remain in the natural state ; as very often by the calyx, and in poly- 
petalous flowers, the lowest series or rows of petals remain the same, as in rosa, 
pap aver, nigella, &c. 
All double flowers, though admired by the florists, are termed by the botanist 
vegetable monsters, 
