34 PRINCIPIA 
Vernation. The complication of the leaves within the bud, 
at spring, as conduplicate, convolute, involute, revolute, 
imbricated, equitant, obvolute, plaited, spiral.* 
^Estivation. The state of the bud in summer, before the 
unfolding of the flowers, as convolute, imbricated, con- 
duplicate, valved, unequal-valved. 
Tortion. The twisting or bending of the parts, as uniform, 
dissimilar, from the right, from the left, reciprocal, re¬ 
supine, spiral. 
Nuptials. Male, female, androgynous, monoclinian. 
Semin atio n. The shape and other circumstances of the seed, 
as tail, wing, tuft, awn, hooks, gluten, curvature. Also 
of the pericarpium , as berrying, inflation, viscosity, elas¬ 
ticity, structure. 
Placentation. The number and disposition of the coty¬ 
ledons ; or if wanting. 
Variation. Of colour, size, pubescence, age, 
External. Plaited,bundled, broad-leaved,curled, awnless. 
Internal. Mutilated, great-flowered, luxuriant, crested; 
viviperous, bulb-bearing. 
By variation, or variety , are meant such differences as are 
only incidental to vegetables, and are-not found constant and 
unchangeable; that is, where plants raised from the same seed, 
fly some accidental cause, differ in form and appearance from 
* Conduplicate, (doubled together) as in oajc, hazel, walnut , &g. 
Convolute,.. .. (rolled together) as in bean, saociprage, <&c. 
Involute, .... (rolled in) as in apple, pear, &c. 
Revolute, .. .. (rolled back) as in primrose, groundsel , colt’s-fodt, &c. 
Imbricated, .. (tiled) as in lilac, campanula , &c. 
Equitant, .... (riding) when the opposite margins approach, so as one to include 
- the other, as in iris, sweet-rush , &c. 
Obvolute, .... (rolled against each other) as in pink, lycJmis, teazel , &c. 
Plaited, .. (folded over) as in beech, vine, currant, &c. 
Spiral, . (coiled like a watch spring, one end in the centre) as in fevri. 
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