BOTANICA. 
11 
The Stigm A, (a mark)-when single, is generally placedlike a 
head oil the summit of the style; when several, they are either 
placed on the top, or regularly disposed along the side; and 
covered with a moisture, to retain the pollen of the antherse. 
It is distinguished either by its number, being single in most 
plants; by its divisions; by its figure or shape; by its length; 
by its-thickness; and by its duration, as in most plants it 
withers when the germen is become a seed-vessel; m some it 
is permanent, as in papaver. 
V, The PERICARPIUM (round the fruit) is the germen 
grown to maturity, and now become a matrix or seed-vessel; 
yet, however, all plants are not furnished with a seed-vessel, 
as in corylus , &c. and in many it is supplied chiefly by the 
calyx, which converging, encloseth the seeds till they arrive 
at maturity ; as is the case with the rough-leaved plants, the 
lip, and compound flowers of the several classes, pentandria, 
didynamia , and syngenesia : Sometimes the receptacle sup¬ 
plies the office of seed-vessel, as in gundelia; and sometimes 
the nectarium, as in car ex. The pericarpium is situated at the 
receptacle of the flower, either above or below, or both, as in 
saxifraga and lobelia; and is distinguished by the following 
appellations, according to its different structure. 
1st. Capsula, (a little chest or casket) which is frequently 
succulent whilst green, but when ripe, is a dry husky seed- 
vessel, that cleaves or parts in some determinate manner, to 
discharge its contents ; and by some sort of elastic motion, 
the seeds are often darted forth with considerable velocity, as 
in dictamnus , &e. It opens also various ways, either at the 
top, as in most plants ; at the bottom; at the side; horizon¬ 
tally across the middle, or longitudinally ; and if it is articu¬ 
lated or jointed, it opens at each of the joints, which contains 
a single seed. It is further distinguished externally, by its 
number of valves;* and internally, by the number of its 
cells or divisions, wherein the seed is enclosed; as also by its 
shape and substance. 
* Capsules and dry pods are divided externally into one or more pieces, called 
by Linnaeus valves ; and internally are generally divided by membranous partitions 
(called dissepiments) into cells, sometimes longitudinally, as in cheiranthus, lu~ 
naria, &c.; and sometimes transversly, as in jointed pods. 
