6 
PRINCIPIA 
7th. Volya* (from its infolding or involving) the proper 
calyx to fungusses being membranaceous, and surrounding 
the stalk or pillar before their expansion. 
N. B. It is often difficult to distinguish the calyx from the 
brachem (sometimes called floral leaves) which are found 
on many plants, situated on the flower stalks ; and are 
often so .near to the'lower parts of the fructification, as 
to be confounded with, and mistaken for the calyx, as in 
lilia, helkhorus, passiftora, Sic. ; (in helleborus the calyx 
is wanting) but they may be best distinguished by this 
rule ; the bracteae are scales or small leaves, which differ 
in size!, shape, and colour, from the other leaves of the 
plant, but are commonly of the same duration ; whereas 
the calyx always withers when the fruit is ripe, if not 
before. See braclet sg under Props, postea. 
II. The COROLLA (a wreath or little crown) is the ter¬ 
mination of the inner bark (liber) of the plant; which ac¬ 
companies the fructification, in the form of leaves variously 
coloured : it is generally seated on the receptacle, sometimes 
on the calyx, serving as an inner work of defence to the part 
it encloses’ ; as the calyx, which is usually of stronger texture, 
does for an outer work. The leaves of which the corolla is 
composed are called petals, by the number, division, and 
shape of which it is distinguished; and the corolla is said to 
he below , when it includes the gennen, and is attached to the 
part immediately below it, as in salvia, bora go, convolvulus, 
primula , &c.; and it is said to be above, when it is placed 
above the germen, as in lonicera , ribes, cratagm, &c. In res* 
peet to duration, the corolla either continues till the fruit is 
ripe, as in nymphaa ; or falls off at the first opening of the 
* Folva, though mentioned as a calyx to fungusses, yet in the Genera Planter 
rum, it is not once taken notice of in the description of those genera. In Dr. 
Alston’s Tyrocinium Botanicum, published at Edinburgh in 1753, are enumerated 
the several calyxes of each sort, from a former edition of the Gen. PL then con¬ 
taining 1021 genera; 673 of which have a perianthhm ; 75 an involucrum ; 18 
an amentum. ; 72 a spatka ; 29 a gluma; 3 a calyptra ; 25 have both a perian- 
thiurn and involucrum ; and a few have both perianthium and spatha. In 
eriophorum ccyris, cyperux, and scirpus, the spike is the calyx ; in marinda and 
eringium, the common receptacle is the calyx; and about lio have no calyx, or 
Very imperfect. 
