03 CUTIIS. 
a. Outermost obvious primary (ninth) much more 
than half .as long as the next, usually longer 
than the secondaries, frequently longest or 
equal to the longest; the primaries apj)arent- 
ly only nine. ("ITine-primaried Oscines".) 
_b. • Tip of maxilla not abruptly uncinate, or 
else the bill short and broad at base, or 
with raaxi11ary tomium to othe d subt erminally 
(Tangaridae, part). 
” 4 *. • -j - - ^ . i. - ^ ^ w 
_c. Longest primaries much less than twice as 
long as secondaries. 
d. ?7idth of bill at rictus much less than 
length of . culmen. 
jq. Tertials not distinctly if at all, 
elongated, or else (Fringillidae, part) 
the bill conical. 
•i '* * * *. v • * •- ? 
^ v • ' . : 
f_. Bill usually more or less stoit and 
conical, not distinctly compressed (or 
else the maxilla with tip uncinate and 
tomium toothed); if slender, the maxillary 
tomium notched subterminally, or else tip 
of bill acute and r-ictal bristles obsolete 
££. Rictal bristles obvious, usually very 
distinct; maxillary tomium usually more 
or less distinctly notched, or else the 
bill stout or wedge-shaped and nostrils 
hidden by antrorse plumules. 
t ■- - ' • - \ , * * 
jr- ^ • K* . * , \ * • - 
1 h. commissure distinctly and more or less 
abruptly angula ted or deflexed basally; 
mandibular tomium distinctly elevated, 
usually more or less angulsted, some¬ 
times toothed, postmedially. 
Fringillidae. 
