166 
PROCEEDINGS OE THE PERTHSHIRE SOCIETY OE NATURAL SCIENCE, 
in a clump, from 4 to 5 feet apart, and with the same dis¬ 
tance between the rows, you can grow a standard gooseberry 
or currant between every bush in your rows, and in that way 
you could plant them double thick, as a gardener would 
say, and still have sufficient room for sun and air. Only 
a little more manure is required, there being more roots to 
feed. Now, I am sorry to say, that such a thing as a 
standard gooseberry is not to be had from the nursery, 
but you can raise them for yourselves, in the follow¬ 
ing way. In the spring select from the kinds you wish to 
raise a piece of last year’s growth,—the longest piece of 
white wood you can get; pick out all the buds, ex¬ 
cept two or three at the top; put it 5 or 6 inches in the 
ground, and let it grow straight up, and when it is as tall 
as you wish,—say from 4 to 5 feet,—take off all the 
branches the following spring except three or four, which 
allow to grow into a head. Another plan is to graft 
one gooseberry stock upon another, till you get the re¬ 
quired height, I have them growing in my own garden, 
raised in both ways, and they do remarkably well. You 
can have red and white currants raised in the same way, and 
they are really beautiful objects in the garden, not to speak 
of their usefulness. Even in a lawn or grass border they 
are as ornamental as the finest standard roses. 
Having said this much about small fruit, let us now 
pass on to the selection of apples and pears by the 
Carse authorities on the subject. In the apple¬ 
voting there were 19 voters in all —14 head - gardeners 
and 5 market - gardeners and orchard - keepers, — all 
men of great experience in fruit-growing as well as fruit¬ 
packing and selling. A few of the gardeners have had 
from forty to fifty years’experience, andsome of the orchard- 
keepers have had from 5 to 20 of the principal Carse 
orchards under their care. I will now give you the 
result, which I trust will be useful not .only to growers of 
fruit in the Carse but also elsewhere, in making a good 
selection for either garden or orchard :— 
Apples.—Lord. Suffield, IS; Keswick Codling, 15; Tower of 
Glammis, 16; Stirling Castle, 15; King Pippin, 12; Hill's Seedling, 
12; New Hawthornden, 12; Dumelow’s Seedling, 11; Warner’s 
King, 11; Irish Peach, 10; Yorkshire Green, 9; Lord Dunmore, 9; 
Philip’s Seediing (Cellini), 9; Lass-o’ Gowrie, 8; Kentish Codling, 
7 ; Nonsuch, 7 ; Early Red Margaret, 7 ; Monk’s Codling, 6; 
Arbroath Oslin, 6; Ribston Pippin, 5 ; Kerry Pippin, 5; H’ish 
Green, 6; Grey Leadington, 3; Golden Pippin, 4; Ecclinville 
Seedling, 6; Cambusnethan Pippin, 5 ; Blenheim Pippin, 4; 
Revelstone Pippin, 6; Ringer, 4; Strawberry Late, 4; French 
Red Streak 4; Baldwin, 3; Cox’s Orange 3; Eve Apple, 3; 
Fulwood, 3; Fair Maid of France, 3 ; Lord Derby, 3 ; Northern 
Spy, 3; Paradise Pippin, 3; Strawberry Early, 3; Wallace 
Cluster, 3; White Captain, 3; Standard, 3; Rock, 3 ; Alfri- 
ston, 2; Adam’s Pearmain, 2 ; Astrachan Red, 2 ; As- 
trachan White, 2; Bedfordshire Foundling, 2; Baxter’s 
Pearmain, 2; Beauty of Kent, 2; Blenheim Orange, 2; Dutch 
Codling, 2; Irish Codling, 2; Cornish Gilliflower, 2; Claygate 
Pe:irmain, 2; Devonshire Quarrenden, 2; Early Julien, 2; Emperor 
Alexander, 2; Fillbasket, 2; Green Sweet or Colville, 2; Grenadier, 
2; Reinette du Canada, 2; Maiden, 2 ; Norfolk Bearer, 2; Orange 
Pippin. 2; Pot’s Seedling, 2; Wadhurst Pippin, 2; Woodstock, 2; 
Betty Geeson, Clovelle Malingre, Cockle PippiD, Carlisle Codling, 
Dutch Mignonue, Fearn’s Pippin, Jolly Beggar, Jeuny Lind, Little 
John, Leyden Pippin, Margil Nelson’s Glory, Norfolk Beaufin, 
Northern Greening, Pearson’s Plate, Rymer, Royal Russet, 
Ingestre, Sam Young, Small’s Incomparable, Striped Beaufin, 
Summer Thorle, Waltham Abbey, Winter Greening, William’s 
Favourite, Yorkshire Beauty, Green Stoup, Painted Lady, 
Ashmead’s Kernel Impd., Annie Elizabeth, Lady Henniker, and 
Winter Pearmain, all 1 vote each. 
By these 39 voters, about 100 kinds have been voted 
in as good, and deserving to be cultivated. Most of 
the kinds I had the pleasure of seeing last autumn and can 
bear testimony to the care with which they have been 
selected. Some of them are not so well known as they 
should be, or they would have got more votes, I might 
instance the Lass o’ Gowrie, which, although pretty high up 
in numbers, should have been further up, as it is one of the 
best early apples we have. Then there are Annie Eliza¬ 
beth, Lord Derby, Emperor Alexander, Lady Henniker, 
and Waltham Abbey, all really first-class apples, which 
would be more cultivated were they better known. Lord 
Suffield, which is highest in the list, well deserves the 
place it occupies, as it is a free grower and free bearer, with 
a hardy and beautiful bloom. The trees are not liable to 
canker, and can be grown almost to any size wanted, and it 
thrives as well on the crab as on the paradise stock. I know 
an amateur, about half-a-mile from Errol, who had them 
the other year 17joz. on a tree grafted by a working man, 
and on a crab stock from the woods. It is also encourag¬ 
ing to amateurs to know that this Lord Suffield apple was 
raised by a working man—a handloom weaver at Rhodes, 
near Manchester. While I am still on the subj ect of apples, I 
must not omit to mention another new apple, raised by a 
botanical friend of my own, the late John Brown, of 
Murie Gardens, It was exhibited for the first time at 
the Dundee Show last autumn by his son, the present 
gardener of Taybank, Errol, and took the first prize for table 
apples in the gardener class. They were decidedly the best 
in the show, and yet, strange to say, they escaped notice 
in the Fruit Review. 
I now pass on to the pear voting. For pears only 17 
voted,—14 gardeners and 3 orchard-keepers, — and the 
result is as under :— 
Hazel or Bram Beurrie, 14; Crawford, 11; Swan Egg, 9 ; Gal- 
