REVIEWS OF NEW PUBLICATIONS. 
337 
certain rocks, but the geologist must be prepared to meet with a different order 
of animal and vegetable remains extra limites , since each district differs from the 
other in many important particulars. 
Our author places the probable appearance of Man in the world somewhere in 
the supracretaceous period; but, with the requisite caution ever present in the 
rational geologist, declines pointing to what part. He “cannot undertake to 
decide so important a problem upon the mere evidence of the absence of human 
remains from tertiary deposits, because such negative applies only to the European 
and North-American tertiaries, none other being explored.” It is, therefore, not 
for us to decide that human remains will not be found in the tertiary deposits of 
some other portion of the globe. 44 Or,” continues Prof. P., 44 if never in Euro¬ 
pean regions this result should arrive, who is to assure us that, in countries more 
early peopled than these 4 far western isles/ neither lakes nor estuaries of the 
tertiary era received and preserved some remains of Man, or traces of his works V* 
—p. 193. 
It is inferred that bones have entered the fissures and caves in which they are 
found in one of the three following modes :—1. Some of the caves were occupied 
by predaceous animals; 2. Quadrupedal reliquise were drifted into other caves 
and fissures by water; 3. Other caves, again, communicating with the surface, 
have received the bodies of quadrupeds which fell into them, or their bones removed 
from small distances (p. 219). For several interesting instances of these modes 
of imbedding bones we must refer our readers to the subsequent pages of the 
work under notice. 
The close connexion between earthquakes and volcanoes is very generally 
admitted, and Mr. Phillips adds that 44 it is also capable of sufficient proof that 
earthquakes generally precede volcanic eruptions.” Modern disturbances, however, 
sink into insignificance when compared with the awful eruptions which in former 
cycles must have taken place to form the various 44 faults,” and the contortions 
of strata causing the undulation of surface constituting the immense variety of 
hill and dale, mountain and valley, and their concomitant geological basins. 
The ordinary effect of an earthquake is displacement of the solid mass of the 
ground, and violent agitation of the liquid parts (p. 244); and in recent times its 
effect is merely to produce a yawning of the ground, or a slight elevation of 
certain parts. But this is no argument against the volcanic origin of mountains ; 
since volcanic eruptions have probably been decreasing in vigour ever since the 
beginning of the world. 
“ In corroboration of a cooling globe" says our author, “ we might here quote the phenomena 
of ancient organic life, which certainly agree with it, so far as to show that vegetation of a tropical 
character, corals, and other zoophyta, Crocodiles and other reptiles analogous to the animals of hot 
climates, formerly inhabited the land and sea near the polar circles; and indicate that the surface 
of these now cold zones was then of a temperature explicable only by a greater heating influence 
communicated from within the earth.”—p. 284. 
