454 
EFFECTS OF SEVERE COLD ON PLANTS. 
months, ai)d then dying. I can scarcely say that any evergreen tree or shrub 
escaped injury altogether, though some few species suffered very little. Perhaps 
the more convenient method of stating the extent of injury to different species 1 
will be to group them in accordance with it. 
1. Killed.—Fuchsia globose® Fuchsia coccinea , Calceolaria integrifolia , Cistus 
ladaniferus , Reseda fruticulosa, Malcomia maritima , the latter of various growth, 
from the smallest seedlings up to plants in bud. Ixia crocata , Common Myrtles 
of two years growth, raised from seeds, and several species of Mesembryan- 
themum , all under hand-glasses, with the protection of a few dry leaves. These 
4 were all killed; and the Cauliflowers, young and old, shared the same fate; as 
did also every root of Celery. 
2. Not wholly destroyed .—The Common Laurestiiius suffered greatly, a few 
shrubs died, and out of nearly a hundred not one of them had a stem left alive 
above ground; but nine-tenths shot vigorous suckers from the root early in 
spring. Of Erica Mediterranea and Erica Australis , old plants were completely 
killed; one young specimen of each of these Heaths had about an inch of the 
lower part of the stem above ground left alive, which shot young branches ; 
but the stem of E. Mediterranea being split, the branches died away in June. 
Almost all the Common Stocks and Wall-flowers, except very young plants, were 
killed; Vines in pots, of one and two summers’ growth, were all injured in the 
wood, and some of them killed; the pots were half sunk in the ground. I think 
these Vines died from the root upwards. Of Broccoli only five per cent, sur¬ 
vived. The rest of the Cabbage tribe escaped better, but several plants of the 
different varieties died immediately after the frost ceased. Half the Turnips 
were killed; the roots of the Garden Turnip, the leaves of the Swedish, suffer¬ 
ing most. 
3. Destroyed , excepting the roots or main-stems. —This was the fate of most of 
the evergreen shrubs. Many of them were killed to the surface of the ground, 
only the subterranean portions remaining alive. Others were killed nearly to 
the ground; but healthy and strong shoots broke from the lower part of the 
stems, a few inches above the soil. A few plants were killed entirely. These 
different degrees of injury were seen in shrubs of the same species. Amongst those 
injured in this way we may enumerate the Common Laurel, Common Strawberry- 
tree, evergreen Oaks, Phillyreas, Common Myrtle (raised by cuttings and under a 
hand-glass), Common Bay, Common Lavender, Rosemary, Vaccinium arctostajohy- 
los , Aucuba Japonica , several Roses (monthly, China, and noisettes), Tussilago 
fragrans , Tamarix Gallica , Cytisus albus, Spartium scoparium , Ulex Europceus. 
Two kinds of Fuchsia, namely, Fuchsia conica , and another, probably a seedling 
variety, survived, though all the branches above ground were destroyed, as usual. 
Out of about three hundred Laurels, only four retained any leaves alive till April. 
