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EFFECTS OF SEVERE COLD ON PLANTS. 
These were layers of the preceding summer, transplanted in autumn. The leaves 
were not destroyed on a few branches cut off before the frost, and left lying 
upon the ground. The Laurels died from within outwards, the bark remaining 
green and fresh after the wood became brown inside. Many produced young 
leaves in April, but all died away as the weather became warm, with one 
exception, in a shrub of four years old, transplanted the preceding autumn, the 
stem of which remained alive for two feet above the ground, and grew vigorously. 
The hardy Heaths, as Erica multiflora , E. vagans , E. ciliaris , E. stricta , suf¬ 
fered remarkably. I do not think the cold destroyed vitality in their stems at 
once; but they were split into fibrous cordage, bearing some resemblance to a 
rope untwisted by use, or maceration in water. The same thing happened with 
E. Australis and E. Mediterranean their leaves and shoots being also seared, and 
turning brown and brittle in the sun; whilst those of the species before men¬ 
tioned remained green, and apparently alive, for some weeks, many of their lower 
branches escaping with little injury, and growing well in the following summer. 
4. Leaves and young wood destroyed; the larger branches and stems more or 
less injured. —The Portugal Laurel, Daphne laureola , variegated Holly, Euphor¬ 
bia amygdaloides, Kalmia glauca , Corchorus Japonicus , Pceonia Moutan , Hyperi¬ 
cum androscemam , Helianthemum vulgare , Common Southernwood, Irish Ivy, 
Common Broom, Sage, White and Yellow Jasmines, and white variety of Pyrus 
Japonica , come under this head. 
5. Leaves , buds, or young wood partially destroyed. —Common Ivy, Andromeda 
polifolia , Azalea nudijlora , Lyonia racemosa , Erica cinerea , Common Holly, 
and Thuja Orientalis may be named as examples of this amount of injury; some 
of the smaller branches or twigs dying. The flower-buds of the common Rhodo¬ 
dendrons, Azalea Pontica , Pyrus Japonica , and Corchorus Japonicus were mostly 
destroyed; a few of the middle flowers of the umbels escaping in some of the 
buds of the Rhododendrons and Azalea Pontica , and expanding late in the spring. 
6. Scarcely injured , in foliage or branches.—Juniperus Virginiana , Thuja 
Occidentalism Erica tetralix , Kalmia latifolia , Kalmia angustifolia , Ledum lati- 
folium , and the commoner species of Pinus. Young Peas, just through the 
ground, escaped injury, being covered with snow. 
It may be worth while to mention, that many Potatoes, accidentally left in 
the ground, survived and sprouted. The same occurred with two Dahlias. One 
Spanish Chesnut died, but it was previously in an unhealthy condition. The 
same may be said of a Magnolia purpurea. Much of the young wood of the 
Walnut was killed. Vines against the house escaped injury; but much of the 
young wood of those against a wooden paling was destroyed. Artichokes were 
almost killed, but a few feeble suckers appeared in June, from about one-third 
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