6 
Period of Pentremitidse [Crinids without arms]; Adinocrinus , 
Platycrinus , Zeacrinus , Poteriocrinus , Strotocrinus , Steganocrinus, Gil- 
bertsocrinus , Taxocrinus, etc. [armed Crinids] ; Archmcidaris , Melon- 
ites , Palcechinus [Echinoids] ; Archimedes, Fenestella , Goscinium, Gy- 
clopora , Polypora [Bryozoa] ; Lithostrotion, Zaphrentis , Sphenopoteri- 
um , Gonopoterium , Favosites, Leptopora, Syringopora [Corals]; Pr< 9 - 
doctus, Ghonetes, Spirigera, Spirifera, Betzia, Spring othyris, Terebratula * 
[Brach.] ; Solen*, My Ulus *, Myalina, Pterinea, Aviculopecten, Perno- 
pecten, Eumicrotis, Bexiobia, Ostrea *, Sanguinolaria, Gtenodonta, Area* 
[Lamel.] ; Straparollus, Pleurotomaria, Loxonema, Holopella, Naticop- 
sis, Machrocheilus, Platyceras, DentaMum*, Sellerophon [G-aster,] ; 
Nautilus *, Orthoceras, Phragmoceras, Goniatites, Gyrtoceras [Tetra- 
branchs] ; Phittipsia, Griffithides [Tril.] ; multitudes of Selachian 
Fishes with pavement teeth, and with sharp teeth, and Ganoids with 
rhombic and with imbricated scales; Sauropus primcevus [Amphib¬ 
ian, in Pa.] 
Upper Carboniferous. 17, Coal Measures— represented by [a] 
false coal measures, [b] conglomerate, [Parma congl.; Bonaventure 
congl.] ; [c] Coal Measures proper, intersected by Mahoning and An¬ 
vil Rock Sandstones; 18, Permian [Prnmew]. 
First appearance of Enaliosaurian and Lacertian Reptiles ; In¬ 
sects, Spiders, Myriapods ; Tetradecapod, and [in America] De¬ 
capod Crustaceans ; Hybodont Sharks. 
Disappearance of Trilobites, Orthoceratites [in America] ; Cy- 
athophylloid corals ; Goniatites ; Orthis, Produdus, Ghonetes, S tropho- 
mena [Brach.] ; Favosites. 
Decline of vertebrate-tailed Ganoids ; Crinoids ; Leptoena. 
Reign of Acrogenous Plants ; Ganoid and Selachian Fishes. 
Period of Coal Plants [low' Conifers ; Sigillarids; Calamites ; 
Acrogenous Cryptogams] ; Fusulina [Protozoan] ; Gyathaxonia 
Cup Coral] ; Poteriocrinus, Adinocrinus, Erisocrinus , etc. [Crinids]; 
Archmcidaris [Echinoid] ; Fenestella [Bry.] : Spirifera, Spirigera 
[Athyris'], Syntrielasma, Produdus, Ghonetes [Brach.] ; Area, Sangui- 
nolites, Aviculopecten, Pinna, Eumicrotis, Mytilus *, Myalina , [Lam.] 
Seller ophon, Pleurotomaria, Naticopsis , Machrocheilus, Murchisonia, 
Loxonema, Orthonema, Soleniscus , Pupa *, [Gaster.] ; Nautilus *, 
Goniatites, Gyrtoceras, Orthoceras [Tetrabr.] ; Spirofbis* [Worm] ; 
PhUlipsia [Tril.] ; Bellinurus, Acanthotelson , Palmca/ris, Anthra- 
palcemon [medial and higher Crustaceans] ; Beyrichia, Gypris * 
[Ostracoids] ; Xylobms , Anthracerpes (Myriapods) ; Slattina [Or¬ 
thopterous Insect]; Miamia , Hemeristia , [Neuropters] ; Palm- 
campa , [Lepidopter ?] ; in Europe a Coleopter ; numerous Gan¬ 
oid, Cestraciont and Hybodont, Fishes ; Baniceps, Dendrerpeton, 
Thenaropus, Amphibamus [Labyrinthodont Amphibians] ; Hylono- 
mus [Lacertian] ; Eosaurus , [Enaliosaur]. These reptiles are all 
American. Reptiles become more abundant in the European Per¬ 
mian. No Angiosperms, Mosses, Lichens or Liverworts yet ex¬ 
isted. 
II. MESOZOIC TIME (Secondary.) 
First appearance of Mammals ; Birds ; Turtles ? ; Teliost 
( or common) Fishes ; Dibranchiate Cephalopods : Astrjs- 
oid Corals ; Angiosperms and Palms. 
Reign of Reptiles ; Ammonitidie (Tetrabranchs with fo¬ 
liated septa) ; Belemnitidae (Dibranchs) ; Echinoids (Sea 
Urchins); Asterioids (Star Fishes) ; Cycads. 
