9 
monitidse and Belemnitidae have disappeared. All the mam¬ 
malian species are extinct. 
Period ol all the types of Crustacea except the highest 
(Maioids) ; Teliost and Squalodcustt Fishes : Turtles ; 
Crocodiles. 
32. Claiborne [Lower Eocene; Suessonien], 
Period of Angiosperms, Conifers, Palms —mostly of existing gen¬ 
era, and resembling Miocene plants of Europe ; Lamellibranchs in 
great abundance. 
33. Jackson [Middle Eocene; Parisien .] 
Period of Lamellibranchs ; Gasterofods ; Zeuglodo7i (whale¬ 
like, 70 feet long). 
34. Yieksbnrg (Upper Eocene, Lower Miocene of some; Falunien 
inferieur ou Tongrien and upper part of Parisien). 
Period of Diatomacese (Silicious Protophytes) ; Angiosperms; 
Conifers ; Palms ; Orbitoides ; Lamellibranchs. 
[The Eocene of Europe witnessed the first appearance of 
Quadrumana (Monkeys);Dogs (being the oldest Carnivora); Cheir¬ 
optera (bats) : Squirrels; Cetacea (whale-like) ; of Raptorial 
(predaceous), Scansorial [climbing], Rasorial [scratching], and 
Insessorial [perchingj Birds. Reign of Foraminifera ; Sharks ; 
Crocodiles. Period of Nummulites ; Palmotherium, Anoplotherium]. 
35. lorklown (Miocene ; Falunien superieur). 
First appearance of Cats ; Rats ; Seals; Insectivora ; Edentata; 
Ruminantia [cud-chewers] ; Mastodon. 
Reign of Carnivora ancf Ungulata (hoofed animals). 
Great increase of Mammals— in Europe Carnivora and odd-toed 
Ungulates ; in North America, odd and even-toed Ungulates ; in 
S. America ToxoDONTand Proboscidean (elepliant-like) Ungulates. 
Period of the “ Bad Lands” of Dakota which have afforded 8 Car¬ 
nivores ; 25 Herbivores, includidg 2 Rhinoceroses and species ap¬ 
proaching the Tapir, Peccary , Deer, Camel, Horse ; and 4 Rodents. 
On the Atlantic coast, Whales, Dolphins, Seal, Walrus. 
36. Sumter (Pliocene ; Older Pliocene of Lyell; Subappenin). 
First appearance of Bears ; soft-shell Turtles ; Cursorial [ostrich¬ 
like] Birds ; Camelidae. 
Reign of Pachyderms [thick-skinned quadrupeds]; Edentates 
(incisors, and generally, canines, wanting) ; Mastodon. 
Period of Rhizopods ; Stag ; Andrias Scheuchzeri, a Salamander 
once mistaken for a fossil man. In the Upper Missouri region, 27 
species of Mammals, all extinct, including forms referred to Camel, 
Rhinoceros, Mastodon, Elephas imperator, Horse, (4 or 5 species), Deer, 
Musk-Deer, Oreodon, Wolf, Fox, Beaver, Porcupine. 
X. POST-TERTIARY AGE (Quaternary). 
First appearance of nearly all the existing genera of terrestrial ani¬ 
mals. First invertebrate Fauna nearly all the species of which have 
continued to exist; their living representatives now inhabiting more 
northern latitudes. Quadrupeds nearly all extinct. j 
37. ^Glacial Epoch [Drift; Newer Pliocene or Pleistocene, Ly- 
el; Subappenin in part, D’Orb.) 
In Americano fossil animals. 
Reign, on the Eastern continent, of boreal Molluscs and huge 
Quadrupeds, 
Period of Tigers, Hyenas, Bears, Lions , Wolves, Weasels, Foxes ; also 
of extinct species of Elephant, (E. primigenius) Hare, Rhinoceros , Horse , 
Hippopotamus, Ox, Deer. 
