10 
38. Champlain Epoch [Laurentian, Desor; Post-Pliocene, 
Lyell; Pleistocene, Morris and others ; Subappenin in part, D’Orb.J 
Reign of gigantic Mammals and Birds. 
Period of Molluscs of northern species ; Elephas Americdnus ; 
Mastodon giganteus ; Horse , Ox, Bison, Tapir , gigantic Beaver, Dico- 
tyles, Bear, Lion, Raccoon, Megalonyx ; Whale (near lake Champlain); 
and probably of the pampean, Megatherioid Edentates, viz : Mega¬ 
therium, Glyptodon, Megalonyx . Mylodon , Scelidoiherium. The Dinornis. 
Palapteryx and Aptornis —extinct gigantic Birds of New Zealand, and 
the Epiornis of Madagascar, perhaps belong here. The dominant 
types in the Orient, were Carnivores ; in North America, Her¬ 
bivores ■ in South America, Edentates ; in Australia, Marsupials. 
39, Terrace Epoch [Human ; Recent ; Terrains contemporains.~\ 
First appearance of Man and the Fauna and Flora contempora¬ 
neous with him. The new species were much smaller than their pre¬ 
decessors of the Champlain Epoch. The Elephant, Rhinoceros. Gave 
Bear and Hyena, Irish Elk, and a few other Mammals of the Cham¬ 
plain Epoch continued into this. 
Disappearance of the Bodo, the great Auk, and perhaps of the Di¬ 
nornis, Epiornis, etc., as well as Mastodon giganteus , Elephasr A mericanus. 
etc*; also of Rytina SteUeri (a Manatee) ; Bos prirrdgenhm (Ure-Ox of 
Europe). 
Reign of Man. 
