] 50 
PKQCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 
that tooth to be the first false molar, which had hitherto been looked upon as the 
inferior canine. 
Mr. Blyth afterwards exhibited the head of a Cumberland Ox of most gigantic 
size, and of which the two bases of the horns measured seven feet in circum¬ 
ference. 
ROYAL SOCIETY AND CENTRAL SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE 
AND AGRICULTURE. 
On Wednesday evening, April 11, Professor Johnson commenced a second 
course of lectures on Botany, at the rooms of the Society, Egyptian Hall, Picca¬ 
dilly, which was very numerously attended. His remarks were principally 
directed to the Grasses and other descriptions of plants furnishing food for Man. 
With regard to the great consumption of the productions of the former, the 
lecturer stated, that the estimated daily consumption of Barley and Wheat in 
England and Ireland was 1,238,096 bushels; that there were besides annually 
consumed 100,000 bags of Rice and 450,000,0001b. of Sugar. In addition to 
these might be stated animal food and productions which were derived from the 
nutriment afforded by the Grasses for food. In London the annual consumption 
of butchers 5 meat was 155,000,0001b.; of cheese, another production of Grasses, 
from Cheshire, 11,500 tons, and from Warwickshire, 20,000 tons, besides that 
obtained from other parts; of butter 50,000tb., the production of 300,000 Cows. 
In London also, for the supply of the inhabitants with milk, there are kept 
between 9,000 and 10,000 Cows, each of which yielding on the average nine 
quarts, gives an annual consumption of 30,000,000 quarts. In speaking of the 
composition of vegetable substances, he also remarked that phosphate of lime 
was contained in such quantities in grain that any person who eat one pound of 
bread daily would consume nearly four pound of lime in the course of the year. 
So essential was this to animal growth, that Dr. Paris found that if a hen broke 
her leg, the eggs would be laid without shells, which are principally lime, this 
being required for the cure of the fracture. 
NORTHUMBERLAND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
A general meeting was held, Aug. 27, the Bishop of Durham, Vice-President, 
in the chair.—A great many of the leading naturalists connected with the British 
Association were present. Mr. Hutton, the Secretary, read the report of the 
Committee, which congratulated the members upon the advancement of the 
Society. The Treasurers advances had this year exceeded the income, but 
extraordinary expenses had been incurred for preparations for fossils and other 
organic remains.—A very valuable present of Corals had been received from the 
Earl of Tankerville, and a promise had been made by the Emperor of Russia, 
