COPULATORY ORGANS OP THE AMNIOTA. 
9 
Rathke, H. ‘ Entwickelungsgeschichte der Natter.’ Konigsberg, 1839. (With 7 
plates.) 
‘ Entwickelungsgeschichte der Schildkroten/ Braunschweig, 1848. (With 10 
plates.) 
‘ Untersuchungen tlber die Entwickelung und den Korperbau der Krokodile.’ 
Braunschweig, 1866. (With 10 plates.) 
Betterer, Ed. “ Contribution a l’etude du cloaque et de la bourse de Fabricius chez 
les oiseaux.” ‘Robin, Journ. Anat. Physiol.,’ Annee 21, 1885, pp. 369-454 ; 
plates 17-19. 
Spangenberg. ‘ Disquisitio circa Partes genitales fcemineas Avium.’ Gottingse, 1813. 
Stannius, Id. * Zootomie der Amphibien.’ 2nd edition. Berlin, 1856. 
Tannenberg. ‘ Circa Partes genitales masculas Avium, clisq. anatom.’ Gottingae, 
1789. 
‘ Abhandlung liber die mannlichen Zeugungstheile der Vogel.’ Gottingen, 1810. 
(With plates.) 
Townson. ‘Observations physiologicse de Amphibiis.—Fragmentum de Absorptione.’ 
Gottingfe, 1795. 
Treyiranus, G. R. “ Ueber die Harnwerkzeuge und die mannlichen Zeugungstheile 
der Schildkroten tiberhaupt und besonders der Emys serrata.” ‘ Tiedemann, 
Zeitschrift,’ vol. 2, 1827, pp. 282-288 ; plate 13. 
Wagner, Rudolph. “ Beitrage zur Anatomie der Vogel.” ‘ Munchen, Abhandl.,’ 
vol. 2, 1837, pp. 271-308. (With plate.) 
Wijhe, J W. van. “ Bijdrage tot de kennis van het urogenitaal-system bij de 
scliildpadden.” ‘ Nederl. Dierk. Vereen. Tijdschr./ vol. 5, 1880. 
Of text-books, see Balfour, Bronn-Hoffmann, Cuvier, Gegenbaur, Huxley, 
Meckel, Milne Edwards, Stannius, Tiedemann, and Wiedersheim. 
I. Muscles of the Cloaca. 
Crocodilia (figs. 3, 5, 8, 9).—After removal of the skin appears on each side of the 
anal opening a continuation of the M. rectus abdominis lateralis, which, a little 
beyond the caudal corner of the opening, is attached to the M. ilio-ischio-caudalis, the 
chief mass of the lateri-ventral muscles of the tail. 
Partty covered and crossed by the M. rectus lateralis is the M. transversus perinei, 
which, enclosed between the rectus lateralis and the ischiadic portion of the lateral 
tail muscle, arises from the first processus transversi of the caudal vertebrae as a thin 
semi-aponeurotic plate, gradually thickens, and is inserted with transversely running 
*M DCCCLXX XVII.—B. 
c 
