COPCJLATORY ORGANS OF THE AMNIOTA. 
17 
organs, an idea which is suggested by the fact that all these glands secrete already in 
very young specimens, and that the vicious little Crocodiles (from one to two feet m 
length) kept in my reptile-house evert them when very angry. On the ventral wall, 
and immediately towards the outer side of the fold between the inner and outer 
chamber, is situated the penis. Its epithelial coating is continuous with that of the 
fold. The organ itself is attached to the caudal corner of the ischiadic symphysis by 
a strong and roundish fibrous band (figs. 1 and 8), which arises single from the ventral 
sides and forms partly the continuation of the two fibrous halves of the penis; the 
bulk of the crura penis (comparable to the corpora cavernosa) is not attached to the 
pelvis, as generally stated, but projects backwards towards and into the pelvis. 
This portion of the crura penis is decidedly rich in lacunas and other venous 
cavernosities, and is in all probability able to be swelled. 
In the corner between the pelvis and the lateral side of each crus is a recessus, lined 
by the peritoneum. The fundus of this recessus is open and leads through a canal 
into the cloaca. The outer orifice of these peritoneal canals is protected by a small 
papilla. In the neighbourhood of these papillae are several small blind sacs or lacunae 
(of fig. 1), and further towards the glans I observed in the adult specimen of 
Crocodilus niloticus three or four soft papilla-like projections of the outer coating of 
this organ. They are furnished with sensory hedonic corpuscles. 
The deep groove on the dorsal side of the penis ends towards the crura in a blind 
sac, into the further corner of which open the vasa deferentia. 
In young female specimens, up to a total length of 3-4 feet, the clitoris is nearly 
of the same size as the male organ, but in larger specimens it is considerably 
smaller ( cf. fig. 2). The whole structure of the organ is the same in both sexes, with 
the exception of the position of the openings of the vasa deferentia and the oviducts. 
The latter do not open into the recessus of the dorsal groove but on the brim, or 
rather outside, the intracloacal fold, close to the dorsal base of the clitoris. In both 
sexes, therefore, the genital tubes, although at first running along and piercing 
through (in the male) the dorsal cloacal wall, open in a decidedly ventral position and 
thus represent an arrangement similar to that of the Chelonia and Mammalia, whilst in 
the Lizards, Snakes, and Birds these tubes retain their original dorsal position. 
Moreover the whole cloaca of the adult Crocodilia is divided into a genital or copu- 
latory and into a strictly urinal chamber, the latter being situated between the former 
and the rectum. As this also is an arrangement not found in other Vertebrata, it will 
perhaps not be unnecessary to make some remarks on the cloacal region of the other 
Sauropida and the Mammalia, especially because, in spite of Budge’s first-rate 
monograph, we shall observe certain anatomical and physiological points which 
hitherto have escaped notice. 
The Lizards represent a peculiar type (figs. 17 and 18). The transverse anal 
opening leads into a not very capacious cloaca, which in Lacertais divided into an outer 
or more ventral and into an internal or more dorsal chamber. This division is formed 
MDOCCLXXXVII.-B. 
D 
