34 
DR. H, GADOW ON THE CLOACA AND ON THE 
Fig. 5. Alligator mississipiensis, 3. —The cloacal muscles seen from the right ventral 
side after removal of the m. rectus lateralis. 
Sy. isch. = symphysis ischium, 
transv. sup. = m. transversus superficialis. 
transv. med. = m. transversus medianus. 
sph.= m. sphincter ani. 
a = the nerve branch from stem a which supplies the m. rectus 
lateralis, the mm. transversi, and the m. sphincter, 
pr. cl. = the unstriped protractor muscle, 
cd. isch. = m. caudi-ischiadicus. 
Fig. 6. Alligator mississipiensis, young 3. —Ventral view, left side, twice nat. size, 
showing the left ureter, vas deferens, and the Muellerian duct. 
Fig. 7. Alligator mississipiensis, young ?, slightly over nat. size, showing the oviduct 
and the remnant of the Wolffian duct. 
Fig. 8. Crocodilus biporcatus (nat. size).—The left half of the pelvis, together with 
the limb and the left half of the tail, are removed. 
r— position of the fold r, forming the inner margin of the coprodteum. 
Fig. 9. Crocodilus acutus (nat. size).—Ventral view after removal of the skin. 
Fig. 10. Testudo grceca, 3 (nat. size).—The penis is stretched out, and, after removal 
of the pelvis, although still adhering to the cloacal walls, has been pushed 
over to the left side. 
pb. = symphysis pubis. 
pc. = visceral opening of the peritoneal canal, the course of which in 
the penis is dotted in. 
B = rectum. 
Bl. = the cut-off walls of the neck of the urinary bladder, to show its 
communication with the cloaca and with the longitudinal furrow 
of the penis. On the pigmented epididymis is seen the remnant 
of the Muellerian duct, 
retr. p. = m. retractor penis, 
pb. cd. = m. pubi-caudalis. 
Fig. 11. Testudo grceca. — Penis stretched out and laid on to the plastron to show the 
groove, the orifice .of the uro-genital sinus, and the opening of the rectum, 
which is surrounded by the fold rc. 
Fig. 12. Hatteria punctata, 3 (nat. size).—The cloaca has been opened slightly to the 
left from the medio-dorsal line, and its walls are laid asunder. The left 
kidney and genital apparatus only are figured. 
Bl. = urinary bladder, which was still connected with the end of the 
left lobe of the liver by a ligamentous stalk, the obliterated 
allantoic vein. 
