COPULATORY ORGANS OF THE AMNIOTA. 
35 
rc = fold separating the coprodseum from the urodseum ; the hole in 
the middle is the opening of the bladder. 
F = fold separating the urodseum from the proctodseum; on this fold 
are seen the two papillary flaps, into which are projecting the 
remnants of the peritoneal canals. 
This preparation is in the Cambridge Museum. 
Fig. 13. Hatteria punctata, ? (nat. size).—Younger specimen ; ventral view, bladder 
and neck of bladder cut off. 
F = the fold between urodseum and coprodseum, with the median 
dorsal flap, which fits into the opening of the bladder, 
u. g. = the united left openings of the ureter and oviduct below the 
base of a papilla. 
GL = the left anal gland. 
This preparation is in the Cambridge Museum. 
Fig. 14. Rhea Darwini, 8 (reduced size).—Ventral view into the urodseum ; a window 
has been cut into the ventral wall of the rectum. 
rc — fold shutting off the rectum from the urodseum ; in the latter 
are seen the papillse with the uretral openings; the walls of this 
chamber are continued into the crura penis. 
B. F. = bursa Fabricii. 
This preparation is in the Cambridge Museum. 
Fig. 15. Rliea Darwini , 8 (the same specimen as Fig. 14, right side-view).-—The right 
half of the rectal wall, of the urodseum, and of the proctodseum has been 
cut awav to show the relation of the various chambers to each other and 
«/ 
to the half-protruded penis, 
sph. = m. sphincter ani. 
lev. an. = m. levator ani, 
R = ventral wall of rectum. 
V = ventral corner of anus. 
B. F. = bursa Fabricii. 
Fig. 16. Leptoptilus argala, 8 (nat. size, ventral view).—The greater part of the ventral 
walls of the cloaca has been cut away. For this drawing I am obliged to 
W. F. R. Weldon, M.A. 
Figs. 17-29. Diagrammatic representation of the chief modifications of the cloaca, seen 
from the right side.—The dorso-meclian line looks towards the left, the 
ventral median line to the right side in the drawings. 
CD = coprodseum = poclie vestibulaire du rectum or vessie urinaire 
(Struthio), Geoffroy St. Hilaire ; = vestibule rectal. 
CD' = additional rectal fsecal chamber = vestibule rectal of Geoffroy 
in Struthio. 
UD = urodseum, coloured light-blue throughout the series = vessie 
F 2 
