LEPIDOPTEROUS PUP2E AND THEIR SURROUNDING SURFACES. 
331 
Stages II. or TIL of the preparatory period. All the 12 pupated upon the roof, and 
were therefore crowded close together on a black disc 6‘2 centimetres in diameter. 
The results were :— 
Of the 12 pupae . 3 were (1), not very decidedly black for this division 1 Hence these were very hard to 
4 „ (2), decidedly dark for this division J separate. 
5 „ (3), 4 of them dark (3), one normal, but in all 5 there was the normal gold and 
pink ground-tint; but the dark pigment, where present, was much 
blacker than in the normal (3), so that these 5 presented a very 
different appearance from the (3) of other cylinders. 
It was interesting to note that seven out of the 12 were much darker than the darkest 
of Series III. By re-arranging these larvse a few hours earlier on the 16th, and by 
selecting the least advanced out of a larger number, the black surroundings seem to 
have had the opportunity of producing their full effect; but it is also probable that 
these larvse were more easily influenced in this direction. 
B. The large cylinder (3'66 decimetres in internal diameter, and 1*34 decimetres in 
height), covered with a sheet of clear glass, already mentioned, was left in the same 
place on the floor, and in the evening of the 16 th, when many larvse were advanced 
in Stage II. upon the roof, a sheet of black paper was placed over part of the latter, 
on its less shaded side, while a sheet of white paper was placed over the more shaded 
part. As the roof was formed of clear transparent glass, there was every reason for 
believing that the same effect would be produced as if the roof had been really formed 
of black and white paper. All the larvse pupated on the glass roof in three groups, 
and their colours were as follows :— 
Group 1 was under the black paper and consisted of 25 pupae, 
of which.5 were (1). 
14 „ ( 2 ). 
5 „ (3), dark. 
1 was (3), with the gold of (4), but 
— the pigment very dark. 
25 
Comparing these with the pupse of A. division, the (1) were alike, the (2) of A. 
were a little darker ; the dark (3) of A. were rather lighter, and the curious (3) 
differed in that from A. being more pink, that from B. more gold. There was very 
little difference between the dark (2) of A. and the (1) of B., which are not at all 
extreme, although the resemblance is chiefly due to the especial darkness of the (2). 
The amount of very dark pigment on the (3) of both A. and B. brings them very near 
the (2), but the prominent pink ground-tint is inconsistent with the latter degree. 
Group 2 was under tbe black paper and consisted of 11 pupae, of wbicb 3 were (2). 
8 „ (3), all dark. 
11 
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