LEPIDOPTEROUS PUP^E AND THEIR SURROUNDING SURFACES. 
379 
In the other cylinder also four pupae were found, of which two were suspended 
from the food-plant (both (3) ) and two were lying on the floor of white paper, hut 
darkened with food-plant and faeces (one dark (3), one very light (3) ). One larva was 
placed in a tube consisting only of the upper gilt compartment, and thus the only 
black surfaces below were the lower face of the lower disc and the outside of the 
cylinder. It was not known how much of Stage III. was passed in the tube. The 
pupa was (3). 
Thus 146 pupae were obtained from this series. Some of the results of the above- 
recorded experiments are deferred until after the description of similar experiments 
in the next series. 
XIII.—Another large company of larvae was found, also August 31, on the large 
nettle-bed near South Hincksey, upon wdiich three of the previous series were also 
found. These were kept in clear glass cylinders, and were made use of in the 
following experiments :— 
A. Some of the larvae which were found suspended in the cylinders containing the 
stock were transferred to gilt and black surfaces for the rest of Stage III. 
Thus, on September 4, 12 suspended larvae were taken from the clear glass cylinders, 
where they were attached to the food-plant and clear glass roof, &c., and were pinned 
against a gilt surface facing a strong east light, close to the glass of the window 
(about 5 centimetres distant). The larvae were taken as soon after the beginning of 
suspension as possible, but there were considerable differences in this respect, as the 
Table indicates. Similarly eight larvae were pinned against a black surface under 
conditions which were otherwise exactly similar. The experiment was conducted as 
follows :— 
3 a 2 
