LEPIDOPTEROUS PUP^E AND THEIR SURROUNDING SURFACES. 
391 
The larvae were pinned on the frame between 10.10 a.m. and 11.50 A.M., September 5, 
and several are seen to have pupated almost immediately, and before the process of 
pinning could be completed. 
The pupae were arranged in four rows, A, B, C, D, and the larvae were taken from 
the roof, sides, and food-plant of both cylinders containing the stock of this series. 
When any group of suspended larvae was found on any part of the cylinders they were 
always pinned, one after the other, on all the rows, viz., first A 1, then B 1, C 1, D 1, and 
then beginning again at A 2, and so on. In this way any tendencies possessed by the 
individuals of each group (due to time of suspension, reciprocal effects of the black 
larval surfaces, &c.) were, as far as possible, compensated, and we can trace the effects 
of this method in the results. Thus No. 8 in each row is remarkable for exceptional 
darkness (three (2) and one dark (3)), and each of the four larvae was found to have 
pupated at the same time of examination (11 P.M., September 5). 
The chief results of this Table are analysed below :— 
Degrees of colour :— 
(1) Darkest and least golden. 
(5; Lightest and most golden. 
(1) 
(2) 
Very 
dark 
( 3 ) 
Dark 
(31 
( 3 ) 
Light 
(3) 
Very 
light 
(31 
(4) 
(5) 
Analysis of pupae which hadh ^ 
changed recently at 11 p.m., g 
or after that time, and there- ► ^ 
fore had been on frame about ^ 
12 hrs. or more in all cases J 
i’ 
1 
1 
1 
i 
r 
1 
1 
2 
3 
i’ 
1 
The comparison between the larvae exposed to the influence of conflicting colours 
—viz., A and C—is in favour of the view that the larval skin supplies the sensitive 
surface which is affected by light of certain colour. The results produced on the 
larvae upon the single colours, black or gold, viz,, B and D, are less satisfactory, but 
the numbers are very small. If the eight larvae which must have been longest on the 
frame are analysed alone, we obtain the following results :— 
Degrees of colour :— 
(1) Darkest and least golden. 
(5) Lightest and most golden. 
(1) 
(2) 
Very 
dark 
(3) 
Dark 
(3) 
(3) 
Light 
(3) 
Very 
light 
(3) 
(4) 
(5) 
Analysis of pupae which bad''| 
changed on the morning of j A 
Sept. 6, and which had i B 
therefore probably in most C C 
cases passed nearly the whole j D 
of Stage III. on the frame J 
1 
1 
1 
2 
i’ 
i" 
Here, again, the comparison between A and C affords very complete support to the 
above-mentioned theory as to the larval sense-organs which are affected; but B and D 
are also unsatisfactory, and it is very likely that one or more out of these three larvae 
