LEPIDOPTEROUS PUP2E AND THEIR SURROUNDING SURFACES. 
415 
15 pupae were crowded on one end of the box and on the adjacent part of one side, but not at a 
greater distance than 4 centimetres from the end. None were close to the bottom of the 
box, but nearly all were crowded along the top of the end and side. 
Of the 15 pupae, 2 were (1), a, very dai’k; 1 faintly orange, the other greenish-yellow. 
13 ,, (1), ji. 5 greenish, 2 very pale ochreous, 2 yellowish, 2 faintly 
orange, 2 yellowish-green. All except the first five 
were rather light for this degree, both as to the amount 
of grey dusting and the large black patches, but they 
were not light enough for (1), ry. 
There were only two pupae of P. rapce, of which one was in the group of 20 
P. brassicce described above, and it was a (4), with very little pigment and a pale- 
yellowish ground-colour. The other pupa was isolated in one of the corners where 
two of the sides met, opposite to the end where the 15 pupae of P. brassicce were 
crowded. It was (2), typical, with the ground-colour almost entirely grey, but 
apparently faintly yellowish also. Hence it is clear that the white surroundings had 
produced very little effect upon the larvae, which, indeed, was to be expected, con¬ 
sidering the almost complete darkness. There is no doubt, however, that the pupae of 
P. brassicce are not as dark as those formed in the dark (I., A.) upon a black surface, 
and hence some effect seems to have been caused by the exceedingly feeble amount 
of light which penetrated. The two pupae of P. rapce differed widely, one being 
the form commonly occurring on white or light surfaces, the other much darker. 
B. Very strongly illuminated. 
September 11, 9.30 p.m. —Many larvae of P. rapce were placed in a cardboard 
box (2'1 decimetres in length, l - 22 decimetre in width, and 8'5 centimetres in depth) 
which was lined with white glazed paper, and with a clear glass front, directed, as in 
the other cases, towards a strong light and close to a north-east window. The larvae, 
some of which were apparently mature, had been found upon mignonette at Seaview, 
and some of this food-plant was also included. No notes were taken as to the times 
of pupation. 
Results. —19 living pupae were obtained in this experiment, and of these—- 
3 were fixed to the glass front, near together, 
and near to the white sides of the box; 
and of these.2 were (4), very little pigment, 1 with a pale-pinkish, 
the other a yellowdsh-pink ground-colonr. 
1 was (5), almost no pigment; a pale, but bright, 
yellowdsh-green ground-colour; the ridges 
and extremities of the body pale pink, as 
is common in green varieties. 
