LEPIDOPTEROUS PUP^E AND THEIR SURROUNDING SURFACES. 
419 
Sept. 13, 9.Id a.m. 
Experiment began. 
,, 14, 8.45 p.m. 
Many larvae of P. R. added. 
„ 15, EVENING 
Many P. B. girdled. 
Stage III. at least 20-30 hours in these 
cases. 
,, 16, 6.25 p.m. 
2 P. B. pupated, and about 9 girdled; 
About 70 hours for the whole period of 
1 P. R. girdled 
these 2 larvae. 
„ 17, 7.35 p.m. 
6 P. B. pupated (2 of them deformed) ; 
About 100 hours for the whole period 
1 P. R. pupated; 6 P. B. girdled 
of some of these; others may not 
have begun Stage I. at once. 
„ 18, 8.35 p.m. 
11 P. B. pupated, and 1 P. R. pupated; 
1 P. B. and 1 P. R. girdled 
„ 19, 9.10 p.m. 
12 P. B. pupated, and 2 P. R. pupated. 
Results .— 11 pupae of P. brassicce were alive on January 23, when the comparison 
was made, and— 
Of these, 7 were rather crowded upon the roof. 
Of the 7. . 4 were (1), «, very grey and dark, hut 2 of them 
showing a faint orange tinge, and 
the other 2 apparently greenish, but 
the grey is entirely predominant. 
2 „ (1), /3, greyish-white, mottled with green. 
1 was (1), y, greyish-green, with opaque whitish 
marks as in (3) degree of colour. 
This form is transitional into (3), 
retaining the greyish tinge of (1), 
although subdued so that the green 
is well-marked, while the pigment 
spots are small for (1). 
2 were isolated on the clear glass front 
of the cylinder, and of these ... 1 was (1), a, very dark; faint orange tinge. 
1 „ (1), /3, greyish-green, with some white. 
2 were isolated on the red background, 
fixed in a horizontal position just 
beneath the roof, and of these both . were (1), /3, 1 being faintly yellowish, the other 
apparently yellowish-green, but 
with the grey predominant. 
Hence the red background produced very dark results in the case of P. brassicce, 
for out of the 11 pupse there is only a single (1), y, while there are five of the 
darkest forms (1), a. The pupae of P. rapce were all dead. 
B. 
Mr. Harwood also sent me 35 pupae of P. rapce found upon red brick walls. 
Of these, 21 were (1), 12 very dark indeed, and apparently with a dull-pinkish ground-colour; 9 normal, 
with the same tinge. 
2 „ (4), very grey, but with hardly any black patches ; a yellowish and a pinkish variety. 
12 pupae were dead, and, as far as I could judge, they were mostly very dark varieties. 
Hence the pupae were as a whole extremely dark, like those of P. brassicce. It 
should be noted that many of them may have been upon the mortar, or in dark 
corners, under coping, &c., and doubtless the red colour of the bricks was very 
variable, depending upon the age of the walls. 
3 h 2 
