CHAPTER XV. 
Padre Junipero Serra—An Expedition by Sea, for the Conquest of 
Upper California—Arrival at Loretto—Expeditions by sea and land 
to the North—Arrivals at San Diego—Ceremonies of Founding a 
Mission—A Battle—Going Northward—Naming the bay of San 
Francisco—Return to San Diego—The Resolution of Padre Juni¬ 
pero—An Arrival—Departure for Monterey—Founding a Mission, 
&c.—Arrival of thirty Monks—Other Missions Established—Padre 
Junipero goes to Mexico—Great Scarcity of Food—Padre Junipero 
returns by Sea—A Land Party from Mexico—Exploration to 
55° N.—A Diabolical Plot at San Diego—A Dreadful Battle at 
Night—Death—Mission Destroyed—San Juan Capistrano—Mission 
and Presidio of San Francisco Founded—Death of Padre Junipero— 
Number of Missions in Upper California—Dates of their Establish¬ 
ment—Progress, Wealth and Influence of Missions—Mexican Revo¬ 
lution—General Echeandra arrives in California—Measures taken 
to destroy the Missions—A Revolution—California Independent— 
Declaration of Rights—Alvarado and Villejo—Jose Castro—Don 
Carlos Antonio Carrello—Domestic War among Californian Free¬ 
men—Operations of the Grand Armies of the North and South— 
A Victory of Noses—Return of Upper California to the Mexican 
Dominion. 
As related in my account of Lower California, the Jesuits, 
who have brought the Indians of the territory into subjection 
to Spain, and induced them to embrace the Catholic faith, have, 
in 1767, been expelled from these scenes of .their usefulness. 
And now, that the influence of this powerful society is pros- 
trated, the Government turns its attention to the conquest of 
the country by the employment of another religious order, 
who are supposed to be more subservient to the dictates of 
the civil authority. 
In 1768, Padre Junipero Serra, a Franciscan monk, is ap- 
