CHAPTER XXI. 
Indians—T heir Habitations—Ornaments—Dress—Civil State— Food 
—Matrimony, &c.—Navigation—Warlike Implements—Hunting 
and Fowling—Religion—Mode of Burial, &c.—Medicine—Y outas 
or Utaws—Naeajos—Paiuches, or Piutes. 
Indians. —The original inhabitants of Upper California are 
understood to belong to the same family of Indians, speaking 
the same language, and having essentially the same manners 
and customs. Indeed, the whole coast from Lat. 28° N., to 
42°, together with the valley of the Sacramento, the San 
Joaquim, the Colorado, and the intermediate country, w T ere 
peopled by the same race, who number at the present time 
not far from 40,0C0. 
The stature of these people varies with their habits. Those 
who live on fish and pass an idle filthy life along the Ocean 
shore, are about live feet and a half in height, and rather 
slender and feeble, whi’e those who inhabit the great valleys 
of the interior are taller and more robust. Their complexion 
is considerably darker than that of the Indians in Oregon and 
the States ; their lips are large and projecting, and their noses 
broad and flat, like the negro; the hair is black, coarse, and 
straight, and when left untrimmed, reaches to the hips ; they 
usually cut it five or six inches from the head, and this length 
causes it to bristle out in all directions, giving the head the 
semblance of a colossal hairy caterpillar, coiled up on itself. 
Their heads are small and badly formed, the mass of brain 
lying back of the ears. The forehead is particularly contract¬ 
ed and low ; eyebrows and beard scanty. They have the 
habit common to all American Indians of extracting the beard 
and the ha ; r of other parts of the body. Tattooing is one of 
the arts of beautifying themselves, which is more resorted to 
